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第四章 气功的几种呼吸方法-《气功疗法和保健》

"2019-07-18T05:21:50.000Z" admin 阅读(1247)

4.气功的几种呼吸方法

气功主要是通过不同的呼吸方法,使人体内部各器官的活动相互协调,同时从根本上使病灶得以愈合,并使人的整体获得健康。由于呼吸活动对于人体有重要作用,所以对呼吸方法实有研讨的必要。本书提出六种调节呼吸的方法是:长出气、潜呼吸、调息、息调、喉头呼吸、内呼吸,这也可以说是锻炼气功由浅入深的六个不同阶段,兹分别说明如下:

4.1 长出气

即自然呼吸。作法是站成三圆式,先用口徐徐锻炼长出气。呼气时,牙齿松扣,上下齿微微相碰,不要咬紧。等气出尽时,再慢慢地用鼻吸气。吸气时,唇齿微合,鼻腔也略闭小,利用空气的压力,使出入的气变细,细则可以长,呼吸细长是气功基本功夫之一。这对于脑部会发生舒适的感觉,并有安神的效果。练习时间的长短,可以根据练习者身体的强弱自行掌握。练习时,全身要放松,精神不要太紧张,都不要用力。呼气时,思想上好像自己是站在水中一块木板上,可以随意动荡。吸气时,又想象自己的头上系有一根绳子,身子犹如凌空悬挂一样。两肘要摆成横平姿式,以便肺部呼吸。两眼微闭,注视两眉中间的部位,即目守“玄关”,使注意力集中。如果初学时,作三圆式体力不能支持,可以用两手扶墻或树干练习,作法是两足并立,离扶着物两尺左右。呼气时,头部两臂及上身向前仆倒,肘臂弯曲,头部几触墻头,直至呼气尽了为止。然后吸气,慢慢恢复原状。如此反复呼吸,其效果与三圆式相同。如扶墻亦不能做,则采端坐,甚至卧式,必须根据个人体质病况来作选择。

这一阶段呼吸的主要目的,使初学者把平常短促的气息,很自然地调柔入细,是顺气和养气的初步功夫,即孟子所说:“我善养吾浩然之气,以直养而无害,则塞于天地之间”。意谓呼吸通畅,则无所不适了。这一段的要求,增强肺部气体交换能力,从而促进各组织细胞的活力,为了以下各阶段打好基础。

4.2 潜呼吸

作法仍用三圆式,以口呼气,以鼻吸气。上下齿松松扣着。呼气时用舌尖顶下颚(牙龈),即“舌守下颚”,此时将小腹鼓起(与第一阶段“长出气”的呼气时小腹收缩相反),就会意识到有一股“气”逐渐下降到小腹脐下,这叫做“气贯丹田”,不可随便忽视。呼气完后,再慢慢用鼻吸气,小腹随吸气而逐渐收缩,(与“长出气”相反)。吸气时,足趾抓地,用舌尖顶着上颚,即“舌守上颚”(上颚是督脉之端,舌尖又是任脉之站,故用舌顶上颚,二脉始能相通,详见下节第4段)再由会阴道(尿道和肛门中间的部位)运气过肛门,“气”再由两耳颊分道而下,会至舌尖,与任脉相接,气功术语称为“阴阳循环一小周天”(如图8)所谓“阴阳”两字,即指一呼一吸的气息,围绕人体上身循环运行一小圈,也就是气功中“以意领气“而使”任督二脉相通“的暗示作用。

练这段功夫,呼气时,用意识提示两臂以十分之三的力量,向外撑张。吸气时,则认为十分之七的力量,向内环抱。气功术语叫做“七抱三撑“。但在外形上撑抱不要太显示,只是想象向下撑松、向上抱紧来进行呼吸的 活动。

这一阶段呼吸要比第一段的“养气“的力量发挥更大的作用,能进一步”用气“去起医疗和保健的作用。所以,一般人坚持练习三个月后,一切慢性病会逐渐初步得着疗效,无病的体质也将逐步健壮。锻炼三个月后,既可进入第三阶段的练习。

在潜呼吸锻炼中,呼气时要故意把小腹鼓起,吸气时故意将肚子收缩,并且要提肛,为的是把腹部的放松和收缩性加大,增强气息在体内运行。因为呼吸时横膈膜上升,吸气时横膈膜下降,用潜呼吸即深呼吸法,则膈肌一升一降的范围,可以增到约四、五寸的距离。这与自然呼吸的,“长出气“——呼气肚缩,吸气肚鼓,膈肌升降微小,只不过一寸半左右,则不能起一种强烈的压缩作用。所以潜呼吸由于静、细、深、长的呼吸,使腹肌相反运动,膈肌上升很高且又下降极低(如图9)。这种力量的加强,不仅加大了肺部的气体交换的容量,使肠胃加速蠕动,并增强心肌功能。所以潜呼吸的方法,把肚皮一鼓一缩正好与横膈膜一升一降配合得很好,使腹腔内各器官受到一松一紧的刺激与按摩作用,血液流通和新陈代谢过程就比平常旺盛。于是食量大增,营养加多,这样就发挥了巨大的疗效和保健的力量。这一呼吸方法,必须运用得法,以免造成弊病。

4.3调息

调息的作法,就是把潜呼吸作更进一步的锻炼,把运气的循环由上身扩大到下身的脚心。调息的意义,就是把呼吸更加练到“调柔入细、引短令长“ 的要求。呼气时,舌守下牙床,嘴唇微开,把”气“贯到丹田,小腹随之鼓起,再沉”气“至会阴道,分支顺两腿而下,直达两脚掌心(即涌泉)。吸气时,小腹随之渐渐收缩,舌添上牙龈,自涌泉提”气“,顺两腿而上,气会肛门,再”提肛“引”气“上升,经尾椎、脊椎和颈项,而达头脑,再顺两耳前侧分下,会于舌尖,与呼气时的气息相接,气功中称为”阴阳循环一大周天“(如图10)。练习的姿式,可采用站桩三圆式或三合式。但呼气时,要全身松力,随气下降,这时就体会到,全身犹如”大雁落地“的样子。吸气时,则须足趾抓地,好像大树生根,随风飘荡,思想上的体会好似”大雁起飞“,越飞越高。气功术语叫做”吐如落雁,纳如起飞“。锻炼时,最好在太阳将出的时候,两眼微闭,留一线视太阳,呼吸随晨光而融合,思想上认为太阳与人合为一体,这样,注意力可以完全集中。

这一段呼吸的锻炼,是气功六种方法最重要的一段,故对于呼吸的调整气息要求,特别严格。要做到呼吸没有声音,且不结不粗,出入绵绵不断,若存若亡的调息,即是“真息“。因为有声是风息,虽无声不细是气息,出入滞涩是喘息,都非气功中要求的真息或好息,因为”守风则息散,守气则息牢,守喘则息结,守息则息定“。所以风、气、喘三息都不能达到呼吸的要求:”悠、缓、细、匀、静、绵、深、长“,只有真息才能达到”无声、不粗、不涩、不滑“的标准。做到这一点才能达到神态安稳,心情愉快的境地。

这一段呼吸方法很重要,它能更好地促使中枢调节各器官的生理活动,从而逐渐使体内病灶愈合。故经常作此锻炼,有半年的工夫,就能降低高血压。对于一切神经衰弱、经血不调等患者,只要坚持好好锻炼,也是可能不药而愈的。

4.4息调

这一种呼吸方式和平常呼吸是一样的,比第一阶段“长出气“的自然呼吸要求更深入一些,更须加强腹部呼吸涨缩的程度,所以又称为”自然腹式呼吸“。它的作法,即呼气时,小腹缩回,吸气时,肚腹膨胀。而”潜呼吸“和”调息“则小腹鼓缩恰与此相反,这两种呼吸方式是利用胸式和腹式相加的呼吸,故”潜呼吸“和”调息“统称为”改造自然地反式呼吸“。以上两种类型的呼吸功能,将在第五节第7段还要作更详细的比较。”自然腹式呼吸的息调“,练习姿式亦可采用三圆式和三合式,其他动作和用意,与第二、三阶段相同,对于”气“也要运行循环小周天或大周天,也和二、三阶段一样要”用气“去治疗不同的病种,所以和前两段是平行的作用。为什么把”息调“摆在“调息“之后,作为第四段的呼吸方法呢?因为有的病种如高血压病,练了长出气,顺次即锻炼潜呼吸及调息的反式活动,为了避免偏差,练习改造自然反式呼吸后,再练习十几分或数分钟的”自然腹式呼吸“,以恢复平常呼吸的正常现象,是有必要的。但有些病况,开始练完”长出气“后必须先练习”自然腹式呼吸“,才能收到疗效,这是功用的不同。等病灶愈合后,再锻炼二三阶段的”改造自然反式呼吸“以加强身体的健康。所以各人须结合自己的具体情况来选用,也可把两种类型的呼吸交换着锻炼,达到内部器官的平衡发展。

现在还必须把“自然腹式呼吸的息调“的作用加以说明,它是用意识指挥下腹部肌肉,帮助横膈膜的升降,以加强腹部呼吸,去调整消化系统的胃肠肝胰等反常现象,所以适合于治疗胃下垂,胃肠溃疡等病症,又可以克服肺气管的呼吸困难,适合于非活动性肺结核病、支气管喘息和心脏衰弱的患者,甚至能治疗慢性肠炎、皮炎和月经不调等症。

4.5 喉头呼吸

又称加强加深呼吸。呼吸的方式和“气“的运行,可采潜呼吸,即小周天的方法。不过吸时,小腹鼓起或收缩,可随便选择。因为经过以上四个阶段的锻炼,身体已有良好的基础,为了增进健康,预防病患,所以要求进一步地加强深呼吸,使身体健壮。加强深呼吸时,嘴鼻闭小,以喉头用力而极柔和细匀地呼吸,所以称”喉头呼吸“。姿式可用三圆式和三合式,以意领”气“采取调息大周天的方法,不过小腹起伏运动幅度要特别加大。练习时间三个月后,再进入第六阶段的锻炼。

这第五段功夫的主要目的,在巩固二、三、四阶段的效果,把虚弱的身体锻炼成强壮的体格。

4.6内呼吸

这是气功六个阶段的最后一法,也是气功中的最高阶段,没有几年长期锻炼的基础,是很难达到要求的。内呼吸的主要目标是要用“真息“(参见调息第三阶段)来进行呼吸。”真息“是人生性命的根本,也是养生长寿的要诀。要练成真息,首先用,”静心缄口调息“(即阴阳循环一大周天)的方法,使”调息“与”调心“密切地结合,”动“和”静“要做到十分的和谐。并且在呼吸时,首先用”数息“方法,使心境达到高度的宁静,然后用”随息“方法,顺呼吸的细长而自然出入,直到感觉呼吸似乎停止的样子,这叫做”止息“。于是再凝神”内观“,检查呼吸出入的息相,是否真正达到了”悠、缓、细、匀、静、绵、深、长“的八项标准。”观息“之后,再还心于丹田,片时入窍安息。再进一步,便达到”凈息“的境地。此时外形的呼吸活动好像停止,但实际上内心用肚脐在呼吸(即胎儿在母体内呼吸),故古人称之为“胎息”,也即是真息。真息做到后,心神丝毫没有胡斯乱想,心脑转入于静默,动静吻合,心息调融,也就实现了“真息神觉立命”的内呼吸。

内呼吸的具体作法,是完全用鼻呼吸。呼气时,舌添下颚,气降丹田,小腹鼓起。吸气时舌添上牙龈,小腹收缩。练到十数分钟后,突然感到心身在震动,有一股“热气团”,汇集于小腹中的丹田处,片时下降会阴道,沿两腿而达涌泉。这股“热力”随吸气而上升,冲尾闾,沿夹脊而上升,接连冲过后脑而达头顶。这种力量之大,似觉上冲云霄,全身腾起,这就是各处关节气脉一次全通的表现。像这样内呼吸的感觉,都是从“守丹田”和“调真息”得来的好处。

内呼吸的外形姿式,采用三圆式、三合式或伏虎式的站桩法均可,最好早晨采用站立式,晚间用端坐式,这样功力更大。惟在练习伏虎式时,要体会到全身毛发随呼气涨起吸气缩落,在气功中术语叫作“毛发如戟生钩,气血鼓荡能闻”。不久全身肢体器官坚强如铁,百炼成钢,益寿延年,妙灵无穷。

上述六个阶段的呼吸方法,除适用于站桩式外,亦可适应于坐卧两式,学者可以根据自己的实际情况分别顺序采用。

兹将上述六个阶段练习呼吸方法的内容摘要列表如下:

表1 学习气功六个阶段的呼吸方法

阶段名称姿式呼吸动作意和“气”*效果练习天数

一长出气(自然呼吸) 30天

三圆式站桩(或扶墻扶树) 90天

用口徐徐呼气,齿微合,吸气用鼻慢慢吸,目闭守一玄关或平视远方目标。肘横扩胸,腿微曲,足与肩宽,足尖向内。全身放松不用力,呼吸顺乎自然。想象如顶悬凌空,任意飘荡。胸怀畅快,食量增加,精神振作,肺量加大。二潜呼吸(阴阳循环一小周天)三圆式呼气时,唇微开,齿轻叩,用口出气,舌守下颚,小腹鼓起,肢体放松,吸气时用鼻,用鼻吸气,闭口,齿轻叩,舌添上颚,小腹收缩,同时足趾抓地,提肛。要求呼吸悠缓细匀。呼气时心想“气”由头顶经胸部而降到丹田。吸气时,心想“气”由丹田经肛门,尾椎,脊椎,颈项而达大脑。要“形松意紧,以意领气”,不要用力,七抱三掌。可治肺病,肠胃病,及心脏,气喘等症,并降低血压。三调息(深呼吸,阴阳循环一大周天)三圆式或三合式呼气同(2),肢体松弛下沉,如“雁落”状。吸气时同(2)肢体上引,如“大雁起飞”。呼气时,心想“气”由头顶经胸部,丹田下沉到涌泉(足心)。吸气时“气”由涌泉上升经尾椎、脊椎、颈项而达到大脑。同上,并能健全神经系统。180天

四息调(自然腹式呼吸) 60天

同上呼气同上,但小腹收缩。吸气同上,但小腹鼓起。同上辅助(3),使内部器官得到平均的发展。特别治消化和呼吸器官诸病。

五喉头呼吸(加强加深呼吸)90天

同上呼气吸气均同(2),喉头张开,小腹收缩随便,呼吸稍用力,并练习加深。呼气时,“气”由头顶到丹田。吸气时,“气”由尾椎到大脑。加强内脏锻炼。六内呼吸三圆式三合式或伏虎式呼吸用鼻,气要细长,绵绵不断,不出声,呼气时叩齿,舌守下颚,小腹鼓涨。吸气时叩齿,舌添上颚,小腹收缩。吸气时,“气”由涌泉提到尾椎经脊椎,到大脑。呼吸时“气”由头顶到丹田,经会阴道到涌泉。练习伏虎式时,全身毛发随呼吸节奏起伏,并做到用“真息”呼吸。气功程度很高,健康基础牢固,又能随时随地应用气功以却病延年。300天

*每一阶段的气功练习,都要思想上遵守第二节的三个气功基本原则。


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article------>{"id":447,"cid":5,"subCid":"","title":"第四章 气功的几种呼吸方法-《气功疗法和保健》","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"","articleView":null,"source":"网络","author":"admin","description":"","img":"","content":"<p>4.气功的几种呼吸方法</p><p>气功主要是通过不同的呼吸方法,使人体内部各器官的活动相互协调,同时从根本上使病灶得以愈合,并使人的整体获得健康。由于呼吸活动对于人体有重要作用,所以对呼吸方法实有研讨的必要。本书提出六种调节呼吸的方法是:长出气、潜呼吸、调息、息调、喉头呼吸、内呼吸,这也可以说是锻炼气功由浅入深的六个不同阶段,兹分别说明如下:</p><p>4.1 长出气</p><p>即自然呼吸。作法是站成三圆式,先用口徐徐锻炼长出气。呼气时,牙齿松扣,上下齿微微相碰,不要咬紧。等气出尽时,再慢慢地用鼻吸气。吸气时,唇齿微合,鼻腔也略闭小,利用空气的压力,使出入的气变细,细则可以长,呼吸细长是气功基本功夫之一。这对于脑部会发生舒适的感觉,并有安神的效果。练习时间的长短,可以根据练习者身体的强弱自行掌握。练习时,全身要放松,精神不要太紧张,都不要用力。呼气时,思想上好像自己是站在水中一块木板上,可以随意动荡。吸气时,又想象自己的头上系有一根绳子,身子犹如凌空悬挂一样。两肘要摆成横平姿式,以便肺部呼吸。两眼微闭,注视两眉中间的部位,即目守“玄关”,使注意力集中。如果初学时,作三圆式体力不能支持,可以用两手扶墻或树干练习,作法是两足并立,离扶着物两尺左右。呼气时,头部两臂及上身向前仆倒,肘臂弯曲,头部几触墻头,直至呼气尽了为止。然后吸气,慢慢恢复原状。如此反复呼吸,其效果与三圆式相同。如扶墻亦不能做,则采端坐,甚至卧式,必须根据个人体质病况来作选择。</p><p>这一阶段呼吸的主要目的,使初学者把平常短促的气息,很自然地调柔入细,是顺气和养气的初步功夫,即孟子所说:“我善养吾浩然之气,以直养而无害,则塞于天地之间”。意谓呼吸通畅,则无所不适了。这一段的要求,增强肺部气体交换能力,从而促进各组织细胞的活力,为了以下各阶段打好基础。</p><p>4.2 潜呼吸</p><p>作法仍用三圆式,以口呼气,以鼻吸气。上下齿松松扣着。呼气时用舌尖顶下颚(牙龈),即“舌守下颚”,此时将小腹鼓起(与第一阶段“长出气”的呼气时小腹收缩相反),就会意识到有一股“气”逐渐下降到小腹脐下,这叫做“气贯丹田”,不可随便忽视。呼气完后,再慢慢用鼻吸气,小腹随吸气而逐渐收缩,(与“长出气”相反)。吸气时,足趾抓地,用舌尖顶着上颚,即“舌守上颚”(上颚是督脉之端,舌尖又是任脉之站,故用舌顶上颚,二脉始能相通,详见下节第4段)再由会阴道(尿道和肛门中间的部位)运气过肛门,“气”再由两耳颊分道而下,会至舌尖,与任脉相接,气功术语称为“阴阳循环一小周天”(如图8)所谓“阴阳”两字,即指一呼一吸的气息,围绕人体上身循环运行一小圈,也就是气功中“以意领气“而使”任督二脉相通“的暗示作用。</p><p>练这段功夫,呼气时,用意识提示两臂以十分之三的力量,向外撑张。吸气时,则认为十分之七的力量,向内环抱。气功术语叫做“七抱三撑“。但在外形上撑抱不要太显示,只是想象向下撑松、向上抱紧来进行呼吸的 \n活动。</p><p>这一阶段呼吸要比第一段的“养气“的力量发挥更大的作用,能进一步”用气“去起医疗和保健的作用。所以,一般人坚持练习三个月后,一切慢性病会逐渐初步得着疗效,无病的体质也将逐步健壮。锻炼三个月后,既可进入第三阶段的练习。</p><p>在潜呼吸锻炼中,呼气时要故意把小腹鼓起,吸气时故意将肚子收缩,并且要提肛,为的是把腹部的放松和收缩性加大,增强气息在体内运行。因为呼吸时横膈膜上升,吸气时横膈膜下降,用潜呼吸即深呼吸法,则膈肌一升一降的范围,可以增到约四、五寸的距离。这与自然呼吸的,“长出气“——呼气肚缩,吸气肚鼓,膈肌升降微小,只不过一寸半左右,则不能起一种强烈的压缩作用。所以潜呼吸由于静、细、深、长的呼吸,使腹肌相反运动,膈肌上升很高且又下降极低(如图9)。这种力量的加强,不仅加大了肺部的气体交换的容量,使肠胃加速蠕动,并增强心肌功能。所以潜呼吸的方法,把肚皮一鼓一缩正好与横膈膜一升一降配合得很好,使腹腔内各器官受到一松一紧的刺激与按摩作用,血液流通和新陈代谢过程就比平常旺盛。于是食量大增,营养加多,这样就发挥了巨大的疗效和保健的力量。这一呼吸方法,必须运用得法,以免造成弊病。</p><p>4.3调息</p><p>调息的作法,就是把潜呼吸作更进一步的锻炼,把运气的循环由上身扩大到下身的脚心。调息的意义,就是把呼吸更加练到“调柔入细、引短令长“ \n的要求。呼气时,舌守下牙床,嘴唇微开,把”气“贯到丹田,小腹随之鼓起,再沉”气“至会阴道,分支顺两腿而下,直达两脚掌心(即涌泉)。吸气时,小腹随之渐渐收缩,舌添上牙龈,自涌泉提”气“,顺两腿而上,气会肛门,再”提肛“引”气“上升,经尾椎、脊椎和颈项,而达头脑,再顺两耳前侧分下,会于舌尖,与呼气时的气息相接,气功中称为”阴阳循环一大周天“(如图10)。练习的姿式,可采用站桩三圆式或三合式。但呼气时,要全身松力,随气下降,这时就体会到,全身犹如”大雁落地“的样子。吸气时,则须足趾抓地,好像大树生根,随风飘荡,思想上的体会好似”大雁起飞“,越飞越高。气功术语叫做”吐如落雁,纳如起飞“。锻炼时,最好在太阳将出的时候,两眼微闭,留一线视太阳,呼吸随晨光而融合,思想上认为太阳与人合为一体,这样,注意力可以完全集中。</p><p>这一段呼吸的锻炼,是气功六种方法最重要的一段,故对于呼吸的调整气息要求,特别严格。要做到呼吸没有声音,且不结不粗,出入绵绵不断,若存若亡的调息,即是“真息“。因为有声是风息,虽无声不细是气息,出入滞涩是喘息,都非气功中要求的真息或好息,因为”守风则息散,守气则息牢,守喘则息结,守息则息定“。所以风、气、喘三息都不能达到呼吸的要求:”悠、缓、细、匀、静、绵、深、长“,只有真息才能达到”无声、不粗、不涩、不滑“的标准。做到这一点才能达到神态安稳,心情愉快的境地。</p><p>这一段呼吸方法很重要,它能更好地促使中枢调节各器官的生理活动,从而逐渐使体内病灶愈合。故经常作此锻炼,有半年的工夫,就能降低高血压。对于一切神经衰弱、经血不调等患者,只要坚持好好锻炼,也是可能不药而愈的。</p><p>4.4息调</p><p>这一种呼吸方式和平常呼吸是一样的,比第一阶段“长出气“的自然呼吸要求更深入一些,更须加强腹部呼吸涨缩的程度,所以又称为”自然腹式呼吸“。它的作法,即呼气时,小腹缩回,吸气时,肚腹膨胀。而”潜呼吸“和”调息“则小腹鼓缩恰与此相反,这两种呼吸方式是利用胸式和腹式相加的呼吸,故”潜呼吸“和”调息“统称为”改造自然地反式呼吸“。以上两种类型的呼吸功能,将在第五节第7段还要作更详细的比较。”自然腹式呼吸的息调“,练习姿式亦可采用三圆式和三合式,其他动作和用意,与第二、三阶段相同,对于”气“也要运行循环小周天或大周天,也和二、三阶段一样要”用气“去治疗不同的病种,所以和前两段是平行的作用。为什么把”息调“摆在“调息“之后,作为第四段的呼吸方法呢?因为有的病种如高血压病,练了长出气,顺次即锻炼潜呼吸及调息的反式活动,为了避免偏差,练习改造自然反式呼吸后,再练习十几分或数分钟的”自然腹式呼吸“,以恢复平常呼吸的正常现象,是有必要的。但有些病况,开始练完”长出气“后必须先练习”自然腹式呼吸“,才能收到疗效,这是功用的不同。等病灶愈合后,再锻炼二三阶段的”改造自然反式呼吸“以加强身体的健康。所以各人须结合自己的具体情况来选用,也可把两种类型的呼吸交换着锻炼,达到内部器官的平衡发展。</p><p>现在还必须把“自然腹式呼吸的息调“的作用加以说明,它是用意识指挥下腹部肌肉,帮助横膈膜的升降,以加强腹部呼吸,去调整消化系统的胃肠肝胰等反常现象,所以适合于治疗胃下垂,胃肠溃疡等病症,又可以克服肺气管的呼吸困难,适合于非活动性肺结核病、支气管喘息和心脏衰弱的患者,甚至能治疗慢性肠炎、皮炎和月经不调等症。</p><p>4.5 喉头呼吸</p><p>又称加强加深呼吸。呼吸的方式和“气“的运行,可采潜呼吸,即小周天的方法。不过吸时,小腹鼓起或收缩,可随便选择。因为经过以上四个阶段的锻炼,身体已有良好的基础,为了增进健康,预防病患,所以要求进一步地加强深呼吸,使身体健壮。加强深呼吸时,嘴鼻闭小,以喉头用力而极柔和细匀地呼吸,所以称”喉头呼吸“。姿式可用三圆式和三合式,以意领”气“采取调息大周天的方法,不过小腹起伏运动幅度要特别加大。练习时间三个月后,再进入第六阶段的锻炼。</p><p>这第五段功夫的主要目的,在巩固二、三、四阶段的效果,把虚弱的身体锻炼成强壮的体格。</p><p>4.6内呼吸</p><p>这是气功六个阶段的最后一法,也是气功中的最高阶段,没有几年长期锻炼的基础,是很难达到要求的。内呼吸的主要目标是要用“真息“(参见调息第三阶段)来进行呼吸。”真息“是人生性命的根本,也是养生长寿的要诀。要练成真息,首先用,”静心缄口调息“(即阴阳循环一大周天)的方法,使”调息“与”调心“密切地结合,”动“和”静“要做到十分的和谐。并且在呼吸时,首先用”数息“方法,使心境达到高度的宁静,然后用”随息“方法,顺呼吸的细长而自然出入,直到感觉呼吸似乎停止的样子,这叫做”止息“。于是再凝神”内观“,检查呼吸出入的息相,是否真正达到了”悠、缓、细、匀、静、绵、深、长“的八项标准。”观息“之后,再还心于丹田,片时入窍安息。再进一步,便达到”凈息“的境地。此时外形的呼吸活动好像停止,但实际上内心用肚脐在呼吸(即胎儿在母体内呼吸),故古人称之为“胎息”,也即是真息。真息做到后,心神丝毫没有胡斯乱想,心脑转入于静默,动静吻合,心息调融,也就实现了“真息神觉立命”的内呼吸。</p><p>内呼吸的具体作法,是完全用鼻呼吸。呼气时,舌添下颚,气降丹田,小腹鼓起。吸气时舌添上牙龈,小腹收缩。练到十数分钟后,突然感到心身在震动,有一股“热气团”,汇集于小腹中的丹田处,片时下降会阴道,沿两腿而达涌泉。这股“热力”随吸气而上升,冲尾闾,沿夹脊而上升,接连冲过后脑而达头顶。这种力量之大,似觉上冲云霄,全身腾起,这就是各处关节气脉一次全通的表现。像这样内呼吸的感觉,都是从“守丹田”和“调真息”得来的好处。</p><p>内呼吸的外形姿式,采用三圆式、三合式或伏虎式的站桩法均可,最好早晨采用站立式,晚间用端坐式,这样功力更大。惟在练习伏虎式时,要体会到全身毛发随呼气涨起吸气缩落,在气功中术语叫作“毛发如戟生钩,气血鼓荡能闻”。不久全身肢体器官坚强如铁,百炼成钢,益寿延年,妙灵无穷。</p><p>上述六个阶段的呼吸方法,除适用于站桩式外,亦可适应于坐卧两式,学者可以根据自己的实际情况分别顺序采用。</p><p>兹将上述六个阶段练习呼吸方法的内容摘要列表如下:</p><p>表1 学习气功六个阶段的呼吸方法</p><p>阶段名称姿式呼吸动作意和“气”*效果练习天数</p><p>一长出气(自然呼吸) 30天</p><p>三圆式站桩(或扶墻扶树) 90天</p><p>用口徐徐呼气,齿微合,吸气用鼻慢慢吸,目闭守一玄关或平视远方目标。肘横扩胸,腿微曲,足与肩宽,足尖向内。全身放松不用力,呼吸顺乎自然。想象如顶悬凌空,任意飘荡。胸怀畅快,食量增加,精神振作,肺量加大。二潜呼吸(阴阳循环一小周天)三圆式呼气时,唇微开,齿轻叩,用口出气,舌守下颚,小腹鼓起,肢体放松,吸气时用鼻,用鼻吸气,闭口,齿轻叩,舌添上颚,小腹收缩,同时足趾抓地,提肛。要求呼吸悠缓细匀。呼气时心想“气”由头顶经胸部而降到丹田。吸气时,心想“气”由丹田经肛门,尾椎,脊椎,颈项而达大脑。要“形松意紧,以意领气”,不要用力,七抱三掌。可治肺病,肠胃病,及心脏,气喘等症,并降低血压。三调息(深呼吸,阴阳循环一大周天)三圆式或三合式呼气同(2),肢体松弛下沉,如“雁落”状。吸气时同(2)肢体上引,如“大雁起飞”。呼气时,心想“气”由头顶经胸部,丹田下沉到涌泉(足心)。吸气时“气”由涌泉上升经尾椎、脊椎、颈项而达到大脑。同上,并能健全神经系统。180天</p><p>四息调(自然腹式呼吸) 60天</p><p>同上呼气同上,但小腹收缩。吸气同上,但小腹鼓起。同上辅助(3),使内部器官得到平均的发展。特别治消化和呼吸器官诸病。</p><p>五喉头呼吸(加强加深呼吸)90天</p><p>同上呼气吸气均同(2),喉头张开,小腹收缩随便,呼吸稍用力,并练习加深。呼气时,“气”由头顶到丹田。吸气时,“气”由尾椎到大脑。加强内脏锻炼。六内呼吸三圆式三合式或伏虎式呼吸用鼻,气要细长,绵绵不断,不出声,呼气时叩齿,舌守下颚,小腹鼓涨。吸气时叩齿,舌添上颚,小腹收缩。吸气时,“气”由涌泉提到尾椎经脊椎,到大脑。呼吸时“气”由头顶到丹田,经会阴道到涌泉。练习伏虎式时,全身毛发随呼吸节奏起伏,并做到用“真息”呼吸。气功程度很高,健康基础牢固,又能随时随地应用气功以却病延年。300天</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>*每一阶段的气功练习,都要思想上遵守第二节的三个气功基本原则。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1247,"link":"1","createdAt":"2019-07-18T05:21:50.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T15:41:24.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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pre------>{"id":446,"title":"第三章 气功锻炼的基本姿式(2)-坐式《气功疗法和保健》","name":"养生气功","path":"/yangshengqigong"}

next------>{"id":448,"title":"第五章 气功呼吸的要求-《气功疗法和保健》","name":"养生气功","path":"/yangshengqigong"}