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article------>{"id":95,"cid":13,"subCid":"","title":"调心","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"2","articleView":null,"source":"网络","author":"admin","description":"调心是自觉地调控心理活动,通过意守达到入静养神的目的。入静的层次也可分为许多阶段,概括起来,可分为初级、中级和高级三个层次。","img":"","content":"<p>如何调心</p><p>调心是自觉地调控心理活动,通过意守达到入静养神的目的。意守的方法很多,概括起来,不外乎守内景与守外景,守静物与守活动,包括道家的守一与佛家的观想。入静的层次也可分为许多阶段,概括起来,可分为初级、中级和高级三个层次。</p><p>调心的重要性</p><p>调心练意,在气功中起主导作用。因为无论是姿势锻炼,还是呼吸锻炼,都是在意识指挥下进行的。调心的目的是为了把主管人体思维活动的“识神”调理好,使其不损伤“元神”。“元神”与“识神”的提法,在气功界是道家学派的术语,但儒家学派、佛家学派也同样从不同的角度注重探索人脑深层功能的开发。“元神”是禀受先天之精气形成的,它不受意识思维活动的支配而主宰生命活动,而“识神”是人感受后天万物万事后形成的,它主要是人对自然的认识及思维活动。两者相互统一,相互为用。一旦“识神”为七情六欲所伤,将影响“元神”之作用,导致气血阴阳失调而患病。气功调心是采用多种良性诱导方法和手段,排除杂念干扰,使之进入“恬淡虚无”的状态,进而达到抑制“识神”,保养“元神”之功效。</p><p>人的精神意识活动是多样的,在情绪上,有喜悦、愉快、轻松;也有愤怒、悲伤、紧张。前者为良性意念和情绪,有利于调节和修复大脑及脏腑功能,使疾病康复;后者乃恶性的意念和情绪,可导致脏腑功能紊乱而致病。气功的良性意念,如意想辽阔的海洋,绿色的原野,明月皎洁的星空,倾听泉水叮咚之声,默念轻松的诗词,回想愉快的往事等。这些良性意念对人体的精神产生良性影响,通过心理——生理效应,使患者病体得以康复。</p><p>此外,意守可排除杂念,使大脑入静。更重要的是通过意守丹田,结合腹式呼吸,诱发真气凝集,调动其循经活动,有助于加强各脏腑功能活动。意守其他部位亦可得到相应的效果。</p><p>调心的方法</p><p>1、松静法</p><p>放松入静是气功的基本要求和基本功法。人们生活在社会和自然之中,必然要受到各种自然、社会的因素影响,在一定的条件下,造成身心紧张,气机失调,而生百病。因此,练功首先要消除紧张状态,时时注意精神和形体的放松。放松法有内外深浅之分,外松所表现的是解除身体、四肢、肌肉的紧张状态;内松所表现的则是意念方面的松弛。一般来说,掌握外松较内松容易。松的锻炼有一个由外到内,由粗到细的两个不同发展阶段。</p><p>练功姿势摆正后,首先是使全身放松。所谓放松,就是通过意念引导,意想身体如棉花样地松散,似海绵般的柔软,象白云似的轻悠,逐步使自己的身体从头到脚,从表到里,从上到下,从左到右都放松,并贯穿练功全过程。这种方法通常称作意松法。通过意松法的锻炼,诱导入静。通常采用局部放松法与三线放松法。这样一松一静,逐步进入身心放松状态。这是初学气功者常用的入静法——松静法。掌握好此法的人,容易入静,静下后就更容易体会松。松与静是相辅相成的。</p><p>2、意守法</p><p>意守是气功调心调意的基本方法,古称“守一”。意守就是思维集中,即在身心松静的情况下,意守在身体的某一部位或穴位,这样,摄心归一,专注一处,就有助于排除杂念,聚精会神,即以一念代万念,达到入静。其实上述松静的过程也是意守的过程,只是意念较为分散,多用想象的心理活动,此处注意力较为集中,可进一步加深入静,提高练功的效果。所以入静是目的,意守只是手段而已。此外,尚可通过意守锻炼,使意气结合,以调动人体内气,促进内气的聚集与运行,进而调整脏腑的功能,强身治病。在临床实践中,患者可意守的部位很多,运用得当,都有治病效果。常用的意守方法有以下几种。</p><p>(1)意守丹田法:丹田,是内丹家藉以锻炼人体精、气、神以成丹的处所。因其具有农田般的生产意义,有使人获得如金丹一样的效果而得名。丹田有上、中、下之分,这里所述练功中常用的部位为下丹田。丹田为性命之祖,生气之源。练功时意念集中到丹田部位,称为意守丹田。意守丹田不仅可以帮助身心松静,而且有导气归元,交通心肾,培补元气的作用。意守丹田对各种虚损证都有一定的治疗作用。 \n(2)意守命门法:命门在十四脊椎之下,恰在脐正对之后腰部,为督脉的重要穴位,有生命的门户之称。命门与两肾及丹田构成人体元气的汇集、贮存中心。与丹田一样,命门对人体生命活动具有重要意义。因此,意守命门与意守丹田一样,具有异曲同功、相辅相成的作用。所以又称命门为后丹田。意守命门亦为历代有关专家所重视。凡命门火衰,腰部酸疼,肾亏之疾,均可意守命门,以培补真元,壮腰强肾。在练功过程中,往往先意守丹田,逐步深入至命门。</p><p>(3)意守穴位法:经络穴位是人体经气汇集出入之所。练功中,因人因病不同而意守某一特定经络穴位也不同。意守穴位,不仅能起到诱导入静的作用,还能调动经气以达到调整脏腑功能和防病治病的作用。如意守上部和下部穴位,分别对血压升降有不同作用。现就临床上常用的意守穴位介绍如下。</p><p>百会穴:位于头部巅顶,其下脑中为道家内丹术上的上丹田,也称祖窍和泥丸宫,为诸阳经之气汇集之处。练功中意守此穴,能升提一身之阳气,调整机体的阴阳平衡。有益智健脑,补阳升陷的作用。可治疗因阳虚及中气下陷引起的肠贫血、低血压等。但高血压者及上盛下虚证患者不可意守此穴。</p><p>膻中穴:该穴位于两乳之间,为脾、肾、心和心包等经络与任脉汇集之所,具有益宗气、健脾胃的作用。膻中与心、肺两脏共存于上焦,与此两脏功能关系密切。内丹术称此处为绛宫,为中丹田。意守膻中,还对某些妇科疾病具有一定的治疗作用。</p><p>会阴穴:此穴位于前后阴之间,为任脉与督脉、冲脉交会穴,是任、冲、督脉的发源与汇集之处。意守会阴,可起到炼精化气的作用,对于阴虚阳亢等症及泌尿系统疾病有一定疗效。</p><p>足三里穴:该穴在膝下3寸外侧凹陷处。本穴可增强脾胃运化功能,意守此穴有治疗腹胀满痛,胃纳欠佳的功效。国外有人称此为长寿穴。</p><p>大敦穴:在大拇趾外侧端。头胀头痛,上病取下,可意守此穴以减轻症状。</p><p>涌泉穴:在足底前三分之一足心凹陷处,为肾气之根。意守此穴,具有引气归根,育阴潜阳的作用。对神经衰弱、高血压、心脏病、失眠等症有一定疗效。</p><p>劳宫穴:此穴位于手掌心,为心包经之要穴,对调节心脑功能有重要作用。意守劳宫或与涌泉穴交替意守,有交通心肾的作用。</p><p>此外,还可意守病灶,疏通病灶阻塞的气血,有利于治疗。此法类似针灸治疗时取阿是穴。在临床上可酌情运用。</p><p>3、意守呼吸法</p><p>(1)数息法:即在练功中默念自己呼吸的次数,以一呼一吸为一次,可以从一到十,或从一到百,乃至千,如此周而复始,有助于入静。练呼则数呼,练吸则数吸,可使心注于息,意不散乱、一般数息几百次,待思想比较安静下来,全身舒适后,就不必再连续数息,而改为听息或随息。</p><p>(2)听息法:此法是庄子提出来的。它是在数息法的基础上,进而采用听呼吸出入之声音的方法,以诱导入静。正常人一呼一吸是没有声音的,此法只是借助听息,万念归一, \n以助入静,提高练功效果。</p><p>(3)随息法:该法是在数息法、听息法的基础上进行的。如心情安静,就用不着数息、听息,只须把意念跟随气息自然出入,即心息相依,意气相随,以诱导进入宁静境界。</p><p>(4)止息法:此法是在随息纯熟之后,意念不随呼吸出入,把心意若有若无止于鼻端,修正之后,有全身似乎已不存在的感觉,进入高度入静状态。</p><p>4、默念法</p><p>此法是用意默念词句,但不发出声音。可默念自己喜爱的词句、歌赋、音符等,以排除杂念,诱导入静。练功者可依据具体情况,有针对性地运用。如高血压或神经衰弱患者,常有情绪不安,可默念“松”、“静”、“血压下降”、“身心愉快”之类有益疾病痊愈的词句。或随呼吸的节律,吸入时默念“静”,呼气时默念“松”字,此法极有利于机体放松入静。这时的呼吸一般是悠匀细长的,默念时用意要轻。或依据自己身体疾病的虚实,默念“六字诀”。</p><p>调心的要求</p><p>1、对松静的要求</p><p>整个练功过程中,松静是基本要求。练功初期,身体姿势摆得自然、平稳,全身各部无紧张、不舒服,这已进入初步放松入静阶段。进一步放松到哪个部位,便感觉到该部位如棉花样地松开。此时对外界反应很少,手足温热,或有气感,身心轻松安宁。再进一步,杂念全无,时间观念不清,呼吸绵绵深长,整个身体似有似无,达到较高的松静阶段。对上述要求,重要的是需有个锻炼过程,逐步体会,不可急躁,不能执着追求,以免适得其反。</p><p>2、对意守的要求</p><p>掌握意守的要领,对提高练功质量有益。这其中主要是把握意守火候。这是实践性很强的问题,练功者在亲身实践中自行调节,才能达到适中的程度。古人说:“不可用心守,不可无意求,用心守则着相,无意求则落空,有意无意称功夫”。要求练功者“用意不用力”,用意要轻。气功中的着意、着相、执着正是用意重的表现。着意就是注意部位时,要求意守部位时间长,被意守的部位很明确,硬要想着部位;着相除指着意外,有时单指存想、观想太过而言;执着是说练功中片面强调追求某种现象,有时也是着意、着相的总称。这三者都可能招致头痛,头胀、精神紧张等副作用。所谓用意轻,就是练功者对意守的部位采用一聚一散的方法,意念集中到所守部位,即可放松,或意守部位比较模糊,似守非守,若有若无。</p><p>3、对默念法的要求</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>默念法对初练静功难入静者很适宜。它可诱导思想专一,排除杂念,也可减少昏睡。除此之外,默念法还有两点作用:一是利用默念字句的自我暗示作用,从而收到预想的心理——生理效应;二是有益于声符振动。默念内容应根据自身情况进行选择,其原则是字句简洁明了,发声柔和,字字分明,声音只能自己闻到而不能发出音来;即声发于口,闻之于耳,察知于心。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":970,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-04T00:55:48.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T04:35:57.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}
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