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初学气功入门知识汇编(七)练功的正常反应和异常反应

"2018-07-02T19:22:43.000Z" admin 阅读(1143)

「导读」练功的正常反应和异常反应

在气功锻炼过程中,机体内部会发生一系列的变化,从而产生一些与平时不同的现象和感觉。这些感觉多数是正常的,对人体有益无害。但在某些情况下,练功也会出现异常的反应。我们先从正常反应讲起。

正常反应也称良性反应,是练功后由于气血运行畅通所产生的各种现象,对机体起到有益的作用,分正常感觉和效应感觉两种。

一、动触现象

练功中会出现一些平时感觉不到的特殊感觉,在《童蒙止观》中记载有“痛、痒、冷、暖、轻、重、涩、滑”等8种感觉,也称“八触”。现代把自发动与气感称为练功中的动触现象。据上海气功研究所1960年7月对l00例练功者在练功中产生特殊感觉的统计,肌肉跳动感者40例,热感者60例,轻感者33例,松感者21例,麻感者19例,冷感者l8例,痒感者15例,紧感者9例,重感6例。由统计中可见以热感者为最多,肌肉跳动感者次之,再次为其他感觉。

这些感觉出现,多在身体局部,且多为短时间出现后又自行消失。这可能与练功后气血运行流畅以及大脑入静后的感受性增强有关,对练功和机体没有不良影响,所以属正常感觉。但是对这些现象应不追求、不助长,否则感觉过分强烈会影响正常生活,便成为偏差,所以要听其自生自灭。

二、效应现象

在练功后的效验,往往表现为某些生理现象,能说明健康状况和疗效有所提高。

1、遍身或局部温热出汗

由于练功时特定的放松姿势和深长的呼吸、意念的集中、血液循环的增强、末梢血管扩张,因而四肢和全身皮肤温度上升。练功到一定程度时,意守部位的血流量经测定可增加30%左右,皮肤温度可提高2~3℃,也有的呈现热气游走的感觉。练功中有温热感和微汗出现象者比较普遍。据统计约占正常反应的60%~70%。临床上多见练功者原来手足冰冷,冬季尤甚,练功后手足变得温热。手足干裂者,练功后其症状也明显减轻或消失。

2、唾液分泌增多

在练功中由于放松入静,舌抵上颚,尤以内养功练呼吸时伴随舌的上下起落,对唾液腺的刺激更强,因此能引起唾液分泌增加。又由于练功中采用腹式呼吸,激发了胃肠活动,也反射性地引起唾液分泌增多。待唾液分泌量增多至满口时,可分次咽下,以意送入丹田。通过咽津咽气,可以增进食欲,帮助消化,对治疗各种慢性消化性疾病有很好的效果。如内养功治疗胃溃疡及多种慢性胃病效果较好。

3、肠鸣、矢气、噫气

练功时由于腹式呼吸增强,膈肌上下运动幅度加大,推动了内脏运动,胃肠蠕动明显增加。故练功者在练功时往往自己可以听到腹内咕咕噜噜作响的肠鸣音。也有的矢气(即俗语所说的“放屁”)现象增多,或噫气(打嗝)现象也增多。在X线下观察,练功时胃肠的紧张力和蠕动力明显提高,排空时间明显缩短。由于练功后胃肠蠕动功能和唾液分泌功能均有增强,故对治疗慢性胃肠机能减弱的消化不良和习惯性便秘均有良好效果。

4、食欲增强,食量增加

练功时深长的腹式呼吸,直接对腹腔脏器胃肠肝脾起柔和的按摩作用,调整了胃肠功能,有助于消化吸收,增强食欲。一般练功到一定阶段后,身体瘦弱者的体重均有不同程度的增加。据报道练功3个月后,体重增加最多者可达l0公斤。大多数练功者可增加5公斤左右。而对于原来体形较胖或有高血压、冠心病的患者,深长的腹式呼吸则可使其饥饿感消失,有助于控制饮食。

5、新陈代谢的改善

由于练功中姿势的放松,呼吸深长,以意引气,内脏功能和大脑功能均得到调整,促使新陈代谢旺盛。所以练功后会感到全身舒适轻松,精神活力增加,四肢全身温热,皮肤光泽,面色红润,毛发指甲生长比平时迅速,有的还可白发变黑,即所谓“返老还童”现象出现。由于新陈代谢的改善和体质的好转,中青年练功者还有性机能增强现象,这也是练功中的正常反应,但应加以控制,避免过度消耗精气,影响身体健康。 6、全身舒适,头脑清晰

练功中由于放松入静,使大脑皮层机能活动逐渐进入兴奋集中状态,其兴奋的周围渐入于抑制扩散状态,增强了全身放松及大脑的休息,使皮层细胞恢复机能,因而出现了全身舒适、轻松愉快的感觉。练功到一定入静阶段时,多数有头脑清新、记忆力增强、精力旺盛的感觉,这是练气功者都有实际经验和体会的。

练功的异常反应

异常反应也称不良反应,在练功中由于对练功的基本原则和方法未能正确掌握,所以在练功中出现一些异常现象,如头昏脑胀、胸腹胀满、气不归原等各种反应。这些异常反应的出现,影响练功的进展和健康,故称不良反应。遇有此种情况出现时,应及时从各方面调整、纠正。一般在短时期内,大约一周左右,即可自行消失。如出现异常反应后,未能及时纠治,异常反应进一步发展,长期不消失,即会造成偏差。故有人认为严重的异常反应即为“偏差”。一般异常反应有如下几种。

1、杂念丛生,心意散乱

练功者由于平时的内外环境的纷扰,或练功前思想负担过重,精神紧张,未能做好思想准备工作。致使练功时杂念纷扰,千头万绪接踵而来。初学者练功时,愈急于入静,愈不能入静,愈想排除杂念,反而杂念愈多,以致精神更加紧张,甚至不能继续练功。这多是由于用意过重引起的。在练功中杂念纷来时,应顺应自然,不要勉强抑制,经过一段时间,约20至30分钟,静观杂念出入,杂念逐渐会减少。或当杂念繁多时,意守呼吸用数息法,即在练功中默念自己呼吸的次数,或默念字句法,进一步把全身放松及思想放松,即可使杂念逐渐减少。如杂念过多,烦躁不安,可暂停练功,散步片刻,待心情平静后再开始练功。

2、胸闷憋气,呼吸不畅

练功中由于姿势不当,如收腹挺胸或含胸过甚,或呼吸用力过强,勉强追求深长细匀的呼吸,用力气沉丹田,或停闭呼吸时间加长,意守呼吸过重等,均可造成胸闷憋气、呼吸不畅。如有上述症状出现时,应找出原因加以改正,重新调整姿势。如挺胸者应调整胸部肌肉放松,呼吸过重或闭气时间过长者应改为自然呼吸。如由于意念过重者,应将意守强度减低,改为似守非守。这样使姿势、呼吸、意念均调整到放松和顺乎自然,胸闷等现象即可得到纠正。

3、心慌心跳

少数练功者,在练功中出现心跳加快或自觉心慌,有的是偶尔出现,也有的持续时间较长。临床观察心慌者,多由于练功时思想有顾虑,姿势不自然,全身未能放松,呼吸用力或停闭呼吸时间过长引起。尤其是心脏神经官能症或有心脏病的患者发生较多。如遇有此种症状发生,应及时解除思想紧张,全身放松,自然呼吸,待心慌平静后,再进行练功。如因心脏神经官能症或心脏病引起者,可平时适当加服镇静剂或β受体阻滞剂,如心得安等药物以助纠正。

4、头昏、头胀、头痛、耳鸣目眩

练功中出现头昏、头胀、头痛及耳鸣目眩的症状,多由于情绪紧张,用意念强度偏大,或勉强用意念导引气血上头,或意守部位偏高,如意守上丹田(印堂或百会),或强行呼吸闭气引起。如出现此症状,应放弃意守,采取自然呼吸,待头部症状消失后,再继续练功。如意守部位过高,应改为意守下丹田或涌泉穴。一般高血压、动脉硬化、冠心病患者及中老年人练功,应意守下丹田,不守上丹田。

5、腹胀、腹肌疲劳

练功时出现腹胀、腹肌酸痛的最常见的原因多因于有意鼓腹,追求深长的腹式呼吸或吸气后停闭时间过长,使交感神经兴奋性增强,腹肌紧张,肠胃运动受抑制而引起。纠正之法首先是改为自然呼吸,减少腹肌的紧张用力,即可消除。如腹胀明显者,可暂停练功,作腹部自我按摩或改为卧式、半靠位练功。这样较易使腹肌放松,腹胀腹酸逐渐消除。

6、腰酸背痛

腰酸背痛的症状,多见于练功初学者,由于姿势不正,未能沉肩含胸和松腰松腹所引起。或初学者体质虚弱,练功时间过长,超过了体力支撑的限度所引起的。遇有此种情况,应暂停腹式呼吸,身体微向前俯使胸腰部肌肉放松休息一下,再继续练功;如是练功坚持时间太久引起的,应适当将练功时间缩短,待体力恢复后,再逐渐加长练功时间。

7、昏沉、困盹、欲睡

练功初期由于环境安静,双目微闭,全身放松,思维活动减少,大脑兴奋性减弱,形成了睡眠的有利条件。故初练功者,易于出现困盹入睡的现象。从生理学上来说,睡眠是大脑皮层的广泛性抑制扩散,而气功的意守入静,则是皮层机能的兴奋集中,二者截然不同。练功中出现昏沉困盹的原因,一是由于意念未能集中,兴奋性尚未提高时产生昏昏欲睡的现象;一是由于练功前过度疲劳,勉强练功所形成的。如有昏沉欲睡现象时,可微开二目,或将身体晃动几下,以驱散睡意,振作精神,再继续练功。如再重新出现困盹欲睡时,不易克服,说明与疲劳过度有关,应停止练功,安心睡一觉,待醒后疲劳解除时再度练功。

8、肢体疼痛麻木

初练功时,由于内气未充,气血运行尚未畅通,加之练功者急于求成,可能出现肢体或局部麻木或轻微疼痛感觉。如麻木疼痛的症状感觉很轻,可以继续练功,不去管它,待练功进一步后气血运行增强,麻木疼痛自会消失。如仍不能消失,可暂停练功,做一下局部活动和按摩后自会消失。

9、发冷感

练功中突然出现身体发冷,甚至寒战发抖,这可能是由于体质虚弱,内气尚未激发出来的表现,一般不要为此异常现象恐惧,可继续练功,多能在短时间内自行消失。如不能自行消失,可以加强鼻息法,以鼓动气血流通,或暂停练功,活动一下,待冷感消失后再继续练功。

10、身体过热感

在练功中有时全身或局部突然灼热似火烧,热流有时上冲或流动,这种现象多在短时间内消失,可能是入静后对局部内气变化敏感增强所致。如系内火过盛引起,可做退火功,两眼先注视鼻尖,再转移注视膻中,再注意力转移至脐至膝,每部位注视各2分钟,最后注视大敦穴约8分钟,再意守大敦穴约4分钟,可以引火下行。


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article------>{"id":53,"cid":13,"subCid":"","title":"初学气功入门知识汇编(七)练功的正常反应和异常反应","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"2","articleView":null,"source":"香港日报网","author":"admin","description":"练功的正常反应和异常反应","img":"","content":"<p>在气功锻炼过程中,机体内部会发生一系列的变化,从而产生一些与平时不同的现象和感觉。这些感觉多数是正常的,对人体有益无害。但在某些情况下,练功也会出现异常的反应。我们先从正常反应讲起。</p><p><b>正常反应也称良性反应</b>,是练功后由于气血运行畅通所产生的各种现象,对机体起到有益的作用,分正常感觉和效应感觉两种。</p><p>一、动触现象</p><p>练功中会出现一些平时感觉不到的特殊感觉,在《童蒙止观》中记载有“痛、痒、冷、暖、轻、重、涩、滑”等8种感觉,也称“八触”。现代把自发动与气感称为练功中的动触现象。据上海气功研究所1960年7月对l00例练功者在练功中产生特殊感觉的统计,肌肉跳动感者40例,热感者60例,轻感者33例,松感者21例,麻感者19例,冷感者l8例,痒感者15例,紧感者9例,重感6例。由统计中可见以热感者为最多,肌肉跳动感者次之,再次为其他感觉。</p><p>这些感觉出现,多在身体局部,且多为短时间出现后又自行消失。这可能与练功后气血运行流畅以及大脑入静后的感受性增强有关,对练功和机体没有不良影响,所以属正常感觉。但是对这些现象应不追求、不助长,否则感觉过分强烈会影响正常生活,便成为偏差,所以要听其自生自灭。</p><p>二、效应现象</p><p>在练功后的效验,往往表现为某些生理现象,能说明健康状况和疗效有所提高。</p><p>1、遍身或局部温热出汗</p><p>由于练功时特定的放松姿势和深长的呼吸、意念的集中、血液循环的增强、末梢血管扩张,因而四肢和全身皮肤温度上升。练功到一定程度时,意守部位的血流量经测定可增加30%左右,皮肤温度可提高2~3℃,也有的呈现热气游走的感觉。练功中有温热感和微汗出现象者比较普遍。据统计约占正常反应的60%~70%。临床上多见练功者原来手足冰冷,冬季尤甚,练功后手足变得温热。手足干裂者,练功后其症状也明显减轻或消失。</p><p>2、唾液分泌增多</p><p>在练功中由于放松入静,舌抵上颚,尤以内养功练呼吸时伴随舌的上下起落,对唾液腺的刺激更强,因此能引起唾液分泌增加。又由于练功中采用腹式呼吸,激发了胃肠活动,也反射性地引起唾液分泌增多。待唾液分泌量增多至满口时,可分次咽下,以意送入丹田。通过咽津咽气,可以增进食欲,帮助消化,对治疗各种慢性消化性疾病有很好的效果。如内养功治疗胃溃疡及多种慢性胃病效果较好。</p><p>3、肠鸣、矢气、噫气</p><p>练功时由于腹式呼吸增强,膈肌上下运动幅度加大,推动了内脏运动,胃肠蠕动明显增加。故练功者在练功时往往自己可以听到腹内咕咕噜噜作响的肠鸣音。也有的矢气(即俗语所说的“放屁”)现象增多,或噫气(打嗝)现象也增多。在X线下观察,练功时胃肠的紧张力和蠕动力明显提高,排空时间明显缩短。由于练功后胃肠蠕动功能和唾液分泌功能均有增强,故对治疗慢性胃肠机能减弱的消化不良和习惯性便秘均有良好效果。</p><p>4、食欲增强,食量增加</p><p>练功时深长的腹式呼吸,直接对腹腔脏器胃肠肝脾起柔和的按摩作用,调整了胃肠功能,有助于消化吸收,增强食欲。一般练功到一定阶段后,身体瘦弱者的体重均有不同程度的增加。据报道练功3个月后,体重增加最多者可达l0公斤。大多数练功者可增加5公斤左右。而对于原来体形较胖或有高血压、冠心病的患者,深长的腹式呼吸则可使其饥饿感消失,有助于控制饮食。</p><p>5、新陈代谢的改善</p><p>由于练功中姿势的放松,呼吸深长,以意引气,内脏功能和大脑功能均得到调整,促使新陈代谢旺盛。所以练功后会感到全身舒适轻松,精神活力增加,四肢全身温热,皮肤光泽,面色红润,毛发指甲生长比平时迅速,有的还可白发变黑,即所谓“返老还童”现象出现。由于新陈代谢的改善和体质的好转,中青年练功者还有性机能增强现象,这也是练功中的正常反应,但应加以控制,避免过度消耗精气,影响身体健康。 \n6、全身舒适,头脑清晰</p><p>练功中由于放松入静,使大脑皮层机能活动逐渐进入兴奋集中状态,其兴奋的周围渐入于抑制扩散状态,增强了全身放松及大脑的休息,使皮层细胞恢复机能,因而出现了全身舒适、轻松愉快的感觉。练功到一定入静阶段时,多数有头脑清新、记忆力增强、精力旺盛的感觉,这是练气功者都有实际经验和体会的。</p><p><b>练功的异常反应</b></p><p>异常反应也称不良反应,在练功中由于对练功的基本原则和方法未能正确掌握,所以在练功中出现一些异常现象,如头昏脑胀、胸腹胀满、气不归原等各种反应。这些异常反应的出现,影响练功的进展和健康,故称不良反应。遇有此种情况出现时,应及时从各方面调整、纠正。一般在短时期内,大约一周左右,即可自行消失。如出现异常反应后,未能及时纠治,异常反应进一步发展,长期不消失,即会造成偏差。故有人认为严重的异常反应即为“偏差”。一般异常反应有如下几种。</p><p>1、杂念丛生,心意散乱</p><p>练功者由于平时的内外环境的纷扰,或练功前思想负担过重,精神紧张,未能做好思想准备工作。致使练功时杂念纷扰,千头万绪接踵而来。初学者练功时,愈急于入静,愈不能入静,愈想排除杂念,反而杂念愈多,以致精神更加紧张,甚至不能继续练功。这多是由于用意过重引起的。在练功中杂念纷来时,应顺应自然,不要勉强抑制,经过一段时间,约20至30分钟,静观杂念出入,杂念逐渐会减少。或当杂念繁多时,意守呼吸用数息法,即在练功中默念自己呼吸的次数,或默念字句法,进一步把全身放松及思想放松,即可使杂念逐渐减少。如杂念过多,烦躁不安,可暂停练功,散步片刻,待心情平静后再开始练功。</p><p>2、胸闷憋气,呼吸不畅</p><p>练功中由于姿势不当,如收腹挺胸或含胸过甚,或呼吸用力过强,勉强追求深长细匀的呼吸,用力气沉丹田,或停闭呼吸时间加长,意守呼吸过重等,均可造成胸闷憋气、呼吸不畅。如有上述症状出现时,应找出原因加以改正,重新调整姿势。如挺胸者应调整胸部肌肉放松,呼吸过重或闭气时间过长者应改为自然呼吸。如由于意念过重者,应将意守强度减低,改为似守非守。这样使姿势、呼吸、意念均调整到放松和顺乎自然,胸闷等现象即可得到纠正。</p><p>3、心慌心跳</p><p>少数练功者,在练功中出现心跳加快或自觉心慌,有的是偶尔出现,也有的持续时间较长。临床观察心慌者,多由于练功时思想有顾虑,姿势不自然,全身未能放松,呼吸用力或停闭呼吸时间过长引起。尤其是心脏神经官能症或有心脏病的患者发生较多。如遇有此种症状发生,应及时解除思想紧张,全身放松,自然呼吸,待心慌平静后,再进行练功。如因心脏神经官能症或心脏病引起者,可平时适当加服镇静剂或β受体阻滞剂,如心得安等药物以助纠正。</p><p>4、头昏、头胀、头痛、耳鸣目眩</p><p>练功中出现头昏、头胀、头痛及耳鸣目眩的症状,多由于情绪紧张,用意念强度偏大,或勉强用意念导引气血上头,或意守部位偏高,如意守上丹田(印堂或百会),或强行呼吸闭气引起。如出现此症状,应放弃意守,采取自然呼吸,待头部症状消失后,再继续练功。如意守部位过高,应改为意守下丹田或涌泉穴。一般高血压、动脉硬化、冠心病患者及中老年人练功,应意守下丹田,不守上丹田。</p><p>5、腹胀、腹肌疲劳</p><p>练功时出现腹胀、腹肌酸痛的最常见的原因多因于有意鼓腹,追求深长的腹式呼吸或吸气后停闭时间过长,使交感神经兴奋性增强,腹肌紧张,肠胃运动受抑制而引起。纠正之法首先是改为自然呼吸,减少腹肌的紧张用力,即可消除。如腹胀明显者,可暂停练功,作腹部自我按摩或改为卧式、半靠位练功。这样较易使腹肌放松,腹胀腹酸逐渐消除。</p><p>6、腰酸背痛</p><p>腰酸背痛的症状,多见于练功初学者,由于姿势不正,未能沉肩含胸和松腰松腹所引起。或初学者体质虚弱,练功时间过长,超过了体力支撑的限度所引起的。遇有此种情况,应暂停腹式呼吸,身体微向前俯使胸腰部肌肉放松休息一下,再继续练功;如是练功坚持时间太久引起的,应适当将练功时间缩短,待体力恢复后,再逐渐加长练功时间。</p><p>7、昏沉、困盹、欲睡</p><p>练功初期由于环境安静,双目微闭,全身放松,思维活动减少,大脑兴奋性减弱,形成了睡眠的有利条件。故初练功者,易于出现困盹入睡的现象。从生理学上来说,睡眠是大脑皮层的广泛性抑制扩散,而气功的意守入静,则是皮层机能的兴奋集中,二者截然不同。练功中出现昏沉困盹的原因,一是由于意念未能集中,兴奋性尚未提高时产生昏昏欲睡的现象;一是由于练功前过度疲劳,勉强练功所形成的。如有昏沉欲睡现象时,可微开二目,或将身体晃动几下,以驱散睡意,振作精神,再继续练功。如再重新出现困盹欲睡时,不易克服,说明与疲劳过度有关,应停止练功,安心睡一觉,待醒后疲劳解除时再度练功。</p><p>8、肢体疼痛麻木</p><p>初练功时,由于内气未充,气血运行尚未畅通,加之练功者急于求成,可能出现肢体或局部麻木或轻微疼痛感觉。如麻木疼痛的症状感觉很轻,可以继续练功,不去管它,待练功进一步后气血运行增强,麻木疼痛自会消失。如仍不能消失,可暂停练功,做一下局部活动和按摩后自会消失。</p><p>9、发冷感</p><p>练功中突然出现身体发冷,甚至寒战发抖,这可能是由于体质虚弱,内气尚未激发出来的表现,一般不要为此异常现象恐惧,可继续练功,多能在短时间内自行消失。如不能自行消失,可以加强鼻息法,以鼓动气血流通,或暂停练功,活动一下,待冷感消失后再继续练功。</p><p>10、身体过热感</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>在练功中有时全身或局部突然灼热似火烧,热流有时上冲或流动,这种现象多在短时间内消失,可能是入静后对局部内气变化敏感增强所致。如系内火过盛引起,可做退火功,两眼先注视鼻尖,再转移注视膻中,再注意力转移至脐至膝,每部位注视各2分钟,最后注视大敦穴约8分钟,再意守大敦穴约4分钟,可以引火下行。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1143,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-02T19:22:43.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T04:37:02.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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