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article------>{"id":52,"cid":13,"subCid":"","title":"初学气功入门知识汇编(六)练功要领","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"2","articleView":null,"source":"香港日报网","author":"admin","description":"掌握了练气功要领,才能提高练功质量,减少一些练功中的不良反应","img":"","content":"<p>气功的功法种类繁多。但在锻炼时不管哪一种功法,都有共同遵循的基本要求,即称为练功要领。掌握了练功要领,才能提高练功质量,少走弯路,减少一些练功中的不良反应,使练功能沿着正确轨道顺利前进,以取得良好的效果。练功要领主要有以下几项:</p><p>1、松静自然</p><p>松与静是在练功过程中始终都要贯彻的原则,也是练功入门的基础。</p><p>所谓松,是指形与神、身与心的放松。在练功的姿势中,不论静功和动功,都须有一定的肌肉群处于紧张支持状态,以维持固定的姿势,在保持姿势要求的前提下,全身各部肌肉要达到最大限度的放松。因此在姿势上要做到两眉舒展、含胸拔背、沉肩垂肘、松腰松胯等,都是为了使全身肌肉达到最大限度的放松而设的。在姿势放松的同时,还要求精神意念的放松,即在练功中要解除一切思想紧张状态,消除顾虑,使自己有意识地处于一种非常轻松舒适的状态。另外,在练功中,还要做到呼吸的放松。呼吸要达到深、长、细、匀,气沉丹田。这种呼吸状态,是在意念的支配下,使肋间肌、膈肌、腹肌放松的状态下,逐渐训练形成的。如果憋气使劲、鼓腹挺腰等用力强练,就会出现胸胁胀满,腹部胀痛的紧张症状,反而达不到呼吸深长细匀的要求。这都是呼吸未能放松形成的。</p><p>所谓静,是指在练功过程中,保持情绪的安宁。静不是绝对的,是相对动而说的。人在清醒状态下,大脑时时刻刻都在紧张地工作着,它需要在一定时间内安静休息,以消除疲劳,恢复机能。气功的入静就是使大脑达到休息的目的,以恢复大脑机能。气功的入静休息与自然睡眠和普通休息又有所不同,它是一种特殊的功能状态,又称为气功态,是在静中有动的情况下达到大脑休息,增强脑功能的一种特殊方法。静除了内在的情绪安宁之外,还包括外部的环境安静。如果能做到眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意“六根清静”,视而不见,听而不闻,就可以避免外在环境因素的干扰,以保证入静。</p><p>松与静两者又是互相促进的,放松可以帮助入静,入静又可进一步促进放松。故松与静是不可分割的。</p><p>所谓“自然”是指练功的姿势、意念和呼吸等各方面,要顺乎自然而不能勉强硬练,过度追求。但顺乎自然又非听其自然、放任自流,而是在意识的引导下,根据松静的原则进行锻炼。这就是所谓松静自然的整体原则。</p><p>2、动静结合</p><p>是动与静的相互配合,这有两种含义。一方面是指在练功方式上动功与静功相互配合。因为动则生阳,静则生阴,各有所偏,所以专练静功或动功会有阴阳失调之虞。如能二者相互配合,动静兼修,内外并练,自当更有裨益。动静结合的另一方面是指在练动功时,要掌握动中有静,即在外形动作的条件下,思想安静,注意力集中在各种动作上及呼吸运气上,即所谓以静驭动,动中有静。练静功时,在思想安静、意念集中的条件下,可促使内气产生,使气血运行的感觉更为明显,这种内动现象又更能促使思想的集中,即所谓静中有动。故动与静是互相促进、互相依存的。</p><p>应如何掌握动静结合的锻炼,这要根据练功者自身的具体情况而定,年龄、性别、体质、病情、练功进度等都要考虑在内。如年龄较大的,体质较差的,病情较重的,可以先练静功,待体力恢复、病情好转时再加练动功。如以保健养生为主的,可以动静兼练。体力好的以练动功为主,体力差的以练静功为主。在练功的动静时间次数上,也可以根据不同情况而适当掌握。一般早晨可以先静后动,以利于白天投入工作;晚上可先动后静,以利安眠入睡。如在疗养院或已休息者,在下午可以加练动功或静功1次。一切根据具体情况,以中医阴阳辨证为指导,灵活掌握运用。把动静结合起来,更能增强效果。</p><p>3、意气相依</p><p>“意”是指在练功中意念的运用。“气”是指在练功中呼吸的运用和内气运行的感觉。意气两者是相互依存、相互影响的。故在气功锻炼时,一是不要片面强调以意领气,专门在呼吸动作上下功夫,如故意延长呼吸和故意停闭呼吸等,这些都是主观意识上强调“以意领气”的现象。呼吸的深长细匀,应在练功过程中情绪安宁、意念集中的基础上,自然出现。清代薛阳桂在《梅华问答编》中说:“心静自然息调,息调自然神凝,所谓心息相依,息调心定者也”。所以练气要想达到呼吸的深长细匀,不是主观强行练出来的,而是循序渐进练出来的。二是不要片面强调以意随气的感觉。在练功中由于内气的增强,会出现各种特殊感觉,如沿经络走向的气流感、电麻感。有的偶而出现后又消失,有的经常出现。如果认为这些感觉是特殊效果,是练功的最终目的,用意加以追求,把思想完全集中在这些感觉上,就容易“走火入魔”。因此在练功中对待各种感觉,要任其自然出现、自然消失,不过份地把意念力集中到感觉上去。对已出现的各种感觉既不恐惧,也不留恋。这样才能使意气相依的舒适感觉自然产生。</p><p>4、练养相兼</p><p>练与养是练功过程中两种不同的状态。“练”是指进行气功的锻炼。经过锻炼后,会出现身体轻松舒适、呼吸柔和绵绵、意念集中和思想平静的松静舒适的状态,即气功中的“入静”状态。“养”是把这种“入静”状态有意识地保持下去,并使之不断地深入发展,境界更加深化,时间更加延长。这样不断积累经验,又练又养,练中有养,效果就更加提高。 \n“养”的另一方面是指在练功之后平时的养功以及练功期间的养生。练功到了一定阶段,为了长期保持养功,可使意念轻微地存于丹田部位,似守非守,所谓“养气存神”,“复命归根”,这样就能使真气不致耗散,日积月累,自然神旺气足。</p><p>所谓“养生”是指练功之外的日常生活中,也要时时刻刻注意养生之道。如《内经》中“法于阴阳,和于数术,饮食有节,起居有常,不安作劳”。由于平时修身养性的加强,对练功养功当有更好的促进作用。 \n5、火候适度</p><p>所谓火候适度是指在气功锻炼时,对调身、调息、调心要掌握好适当的强度。如火候不到,难以收效;如火候太过,物极必反,会起相反的作用,甚至产生一些不良反应。如在意念的掌握上,要做到“若有若无”,所谓“有意似无意,无意又有意”。如果意念过强就是火候太过,不能达到预期的效果。在呼吸的掌握方面,也有必要以适当的强度进行锻炼,才能达到深长细匀的呼吸状态,内气才能产生和运行。如果呼吸时完全任其自然,与常人一样地“自然呼吸”就是火候不及。如有意加强呼吸,勉强用力,就是火候太过。二者都不能达到目的。在姿势的掌握方面,既要全身放松,舒适自然,又要有最低限度的支撑力以保持身体的稳定平衡,才能进行练功。如果全身肌肉完全松弛,趋于松懈无力,即是火候不及;如有意挺胸收腹,四肢用力,使用僵硬,就是火候太过。都影响练功效果。</p><p>此外,在练功的时间和次数上,也要做到火候适度。如每次练功都要留有余力,不要勉强延长时间,以免身体过累,情绪不良,致效果不好。一般病休者每日练功次数可适当多一些,每次练功的时间以不超过1小时为宜。总之,要根据各种实际情况,适度掌握运动量,避免太过与不及。</p><p>6、循序渐进,持之以恒</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>气功是一种学习和训练的过程,一般来讲,在短期内学—些基础知识和一些基本的锻炼方法是可能的。但要想得到进一步的效果,必须在初练的基础上,长期坚持锻炼,不断积累经验和成果,才能达到目的。急于求成,或由于基础不稳,或由于练得过多过猛,所谓拔苗助长,非但不能得到效果,反而产生很多不良后果。还有另一种倾向是练功松懈散漫,放任自流,不能持之以恒,可能开始有一定效果,但疗效难以巩固。这些都是练功没有循序渐进,长期坚持的结果。另外还要避免见异思迁,不从身体的具体情况和实际病情出发,常常乱换功法,朝练夕改,盲目追求所谓“高级功”,结果一事无成,一无所得。所以练功要循序渐进,持之以恒,才能获得长期积累的效果。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1016,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-02T19:20:43.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T10:00:34.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}
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