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气功与医、儒、道、佛、武术等有何关系?

"2018-07-03T06:35:42.000Z" admin 阅读(1064)

「导读」气功与医、儒、道、佛、武术等的关系

气功,作为人类养生保健、强身治病的方法,伴随着人类社会的进程,不断发展和完善。人类的祖先为了求得自身的生存及繁衍,必须与恶劣的自然环境及凶猛的飞禽走兽相较量,逐渐形成了许多自然的包括气功在内的保健养生方法。比如,为了祛湿导滞,通利关节以适应自然环境而形成“导引”;吸取与禽兽搏斗的经验,象其形,会其意,形成自然而本能的古代技击武术;从人类社会化生活的增多,体会到精神情志活动对身体状况的影响,总结出修身养性的“静坐”、“意守”等方法。总之,气功的萌芽和发展,不是突发性的偶然的发明,而是在人类漫长的生活实践中,逐步发现并总结而成的。

春秋战国时期,由于生产力的发展,社会经历了剧烈的变化,文化卫生保健方面也受到影响,出现了诸子百家争鸣的活跃气氛。在医学方面,《黄帝内经》系统总结并提出了气功的基本原则和方法,并将气功列为养生保健治疗方法的首位。儒家则由孔子提出了意念专一、听之以心,然后心息相融,神气合一即“坐忘”的儒家气功方法,道家的老子和庄子主张顺应自然规律,“去物欲以养形,致虚静以养神”、“形神不亏,便可长生”,提出了“无为自然”的养形养神的养生方法。这些都与当时医学气功的发展协调一致,互相影响并各有侧重。至于佛教,一般认为是在汉朝佛教由印度传到中国后才出现的。佛教大小乘学说中,本无相当于本来意义的“气功”的术语。藏传佛教密宗无上瑜珈虽有相当于练气意义上的气功术语及修练方法,但在汉地佛教界流传不广。从佛教传统观点和一般佛教徒的信仰立场看,佛教的禅定与气功有所不同;从客观上看,佛教中也含有一些类似气功的内容,尤其是“明心见性”的理论和实践,对后世气功的发展有很大的影响。至宋明理学派,致力于勾通和统一儒、释、道三大学派的理论,也相应出现了各家气功取长补短、融汇贯通的局面,使气功养生的理论和技术更趋于完善和系统。

中国古代的武术,其作用不外健身和技击。各派武术的健身方法中,尤其是站桩里包含有类似气功的内容;气功与武术在一些方法上也互相影响。例如,现在的健身站桩功法中,不少就来自武术,而气功的一些理论和方法,也被武术所吸取。武术界有一句话叫做“练武不练功(气),到老一场空”,可见两者是相关的。


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article------>{"id":77,"cid":15,"subCid":"","title":"气功与医、儒、道、佛、武术等有何关系?","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"2","articleView":null,"source":"香港日报网","author":"admin","description":"气功与医、儒、道、佛、武术等的关系","img":"","content":"<p>气功,作为人类养生保健、强身治病的方法,伴随着人类社会的进程,不断发展和完善。人类的祖先为了求得自身的生存及繁衍,必须与恶劣的自然环境及凶猛的飞禽走兽相较量,逐渐形成了许多自然的包括气功在内的保健养生方法。比如,为了祛湿导滞,通利关节以适应自然环境而形成“导引”;吸取与禽兽搏斗的经验,象其形,会其意,形成自然而本能的古代技击武术;从人类社会化生活的增多,体会到精神情志活动对身体状况的影响,总结出修身养性的“静坐”、“意守”等方法。总之,气功的萌芽和发展,不是突发性的偶然的发明,而是在人类漫长的生活实践中,逐步发现并总结而成的。</p><p>春秋战国时期,由于生产力的发展,社会经历了剧烈的变化,文化卫生保健方面也受到影响,出现了诸子百家争鸣的活跃气氛。在医学方面,《黄帝内经》系统总结并提出了气功的基本原则和方法,并将气功列为养生保健治疗方法的首位。儒家则由孔子提出了意念专一、听之以心,然后心息相融,神气合一即“坐忘”的儒家气功方法,道家的老子和庄子主张顺应自然规律,“去物欲以养形,致虚静以养神”、“形神不亏,便可长生”,提出了“无为自然”的养形养神的养生方法。这些都与当时医学气功的发展协调一致,互相影响并各有侧重。至于佛教,一般认为是在汉朝佛教由印度传到中国后才出现的。佛教大小乘学说中,本无相当于本来意义的“气功”的术语。藏传佛教密宗无上瑜珈虽有相当于练气意义上的气功术语及修练方法,但在汉地佛教界流传不广。从佛教传统观点和一般佛教徒的信仰立场看,佛教的禅定与气功有所不同;从客观上看,佛教中也含有一些类似气功的内容,尤其是“明心见性”的理论和实践,对后世气功的发展有很大的影响。至宋明理学派,致力于勾通和统一儒、释、道三大学派的理论,也相应出现了各家气功取长补短、融汇贯通的局面,使气功养生的理论和技术更趋于完善和系统。</p><p>\n\n</p><p>中国古代的武术,其作用不外健身和技击。各派武术的健身方法中,尤其是站桩里包含有类似气功的内容;气功与武术在一些方法上也互相影响。例如,现在的健身站桩功法中,不少就来自武术,而气功的一些理论和方法,也被武术所吸取。武术界有一句话叫做“练武不练功(气),到老一场空”,可见两者是相关的。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1064,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-03T06:35:42.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-22T00:59:12.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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