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“气”话连篇77 | 国外“类气功”举隅

"2022-10-30T12:44:43.000Z" 阅读(382)

「导读」气功是中国民族文化中的一颗璀璨明珠,国外可以被称为气功的可能只有日本的藤田式静坐法和冈田式静坐法。这两种静坐法与我国儒家的“坐忘”相似,有人分析认为,可能是“坐忘”法传入日本后,经藤田、冈田等人改良而成。但国外有些医疗或保健方法的内涵与气功有类同之处,我们姑且称之为“类气功”。

“气”话连篇七十七 国外“类气功”举隅

气功是中国民族文化中的一颗璀璨明珠,国外可以被称为气功的可能只有日本的藤田式静坐法和冈田式静坐法。这两种静坐法与我国儒家的“坐忘”相似,有人分析认为,可能是“坐忘”法传入日本后,经藤田、冈田等人改良而成。但国外有些医疗或保健方法的内涵与气功有类同之处,我们姑且称之为“类气功”。

1.瑜伽(Yoga)

这是一种源于印度的身心锻炼方法,锻炼时注意集中于某一具体形象、声音或动作,通过冥想,达到忘我的境地。目前,瑜伽的国际知名度很高,2014年12月11日联合国决定将每年6月21日定为国际瑜伽日。

2.生物反馈(Biological Feedback,BF)

也称生物回授,源于美国,是研究用意念来控制一切下意识的生理过程规律,并以此使人们可以及时地得到体内心理、生理过程的信息。生物反馈是与行为医学相关的学科,最常用的生物反馈监控系统主要包括肌电谱(EMG)、热反馈(TBF)、热电(ET)、呼吸(B)等,他们使用的功法比较简单,如:①自生训练,姿势不拘,坐卧均可,在安静环境中保持舒适体位,按照事先录制的指导语提示,进行训练。包括肢体沉重感与温感训练、呼吸训练、腹部温感训练、前额清凉感训练等。②渐进性放松,在指导语的提示下,对全身肌肉进行先紧张(收缩)5—10分钟,再立刻放松三四十秒的操作,并配合深呼吸。③放松功法,分为较长放松(每天至少一次,每次15—30分钟,方法与三线放松功相似)、短暂放松(在人活动的间隙,放松2—10分钟)和超短放松(每次几秒到2分钟)3种。④放松呼吸,即利用呼吸诱导放松,以仰卧为好,坐式、立式也可,具体操作与意守下丹田的打坐相似。

3.松弛反应(Relaxation reseponse)

松弛反应是行为医学的主要治疗技术,由哈佛大学赫伯特·本森(Herbert
Benson)整理而成。松弛反应有四个基本要素:①一个安静环境,一般应选择一间安静的房间;②一个精神目标,也就是一个深思(集中注意力)的目标;③一种自然的状态;④一个舒适的姿势,一般采用坐式,而且要至少保持20分钟。基本操作方法如下:①静静地坐在一个舒适的位置。②闭眼。③尽量放松全身肌肉,自下而上直至脸部。④鼻吸鼻呼,呼吸时轻轻地对自己说“YI”,即“吸气……呼气‘YI’”。⑤如此10—20分钟后,睁开眼睛校正一下时间,但不要用闹钟。结束时先闭目静坐几分钟,然后睁开眼睛,但不要急于站起来。⑥不要为未能成功地完成一个深度松弛而烦恼。

4.超觉静坐(Transcendental Meditation,TM)

这是美籍印度瑜伽师(Maharishi
Mahesh)改良的瑜伽术,整个锻炼包括七个步骤:①介绍性讲座——介绍超觉静坐的益处(60分钟),②预备性讲座——介绍超觉静坐的起源与原理(45分钟),③个别与老师见面(5分钟),④个别指导——学习超觉静坐技术(45分钟),⑤—⑦小组验证(个别指导后连续3天,每天90分钟)。上海的一个气功组织,曾于80年代邀请国外来宾讲授TM,但因涉及翻译等多种原因,这一活动没有完整结束。

5.行为医学(Behavioral medicine)

百科百度有关的描述是:可以理解为研究人的行为的医学。近年来,行为医学研究迅速发展,研究领域已分支派生出健康行为学、行为心理学、行为病理学、行为药理学(毒理学)、行为遗传学、行为解剖学、行为流行病学、行为诊断学、行为评估学、行为治疗学、行为护理学、行为康复学、行为预防学、行为保健学等许多分支学科。行为医学产品在当代已经层出不穷,这包括传统医学的相关产品:银针、按摩器材、保健餐具、运动方式、食疗技术、心理技术等。

6.冥想(meditation)

它是一种改变意识的形式,它通过获得深度的宁静状态而增强自我知识和良好状态。其操作颇似气功中的存想,包括四个步骤:①设定目标;②创造一个清晰的想法或画面;③经常关注它;④给它正面的能量。

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article------>{"id":810,"cid":1,"subCid":"","title":"“气”话连篇77 | 国外“类气功”举隅","shortTitle":"","tagId":"","attr":"1","articleView":null,"source":"","author":"","description":"气功是中国民族文化中的一颗璀璨明珠,国外可以被称为气功的可能只有日本的藤田式静坐法和冈田式静坐法。这两种静坐法与我国儒家的“坐忘”相似,有人分析认为,可能是“坐忘”法传入日本后,经藤田、冈田等人改良而成。但国外有些医疗或保健方法的内涵与气功有类同之处,我们姑且称之为“类气功”。","img":null,"content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>“气”话连篇七十七 国外“类气功”举隅</strong></p><p>气功是中国民族文化中的一颗璀璨明珠,国外可以被称为气功的可能只有日本的藤田式静坐法和冈田式静坐法。这两种静坐法与我国儒家的“坐忘”相似,有人分析认为,可能是“坐忘”法传入日本后,经藤田、冈田等人改良而成。但国外有些医疗或保健方法的内涵与气功有类同之处,我们姑且称之为“类气功”。</p><p>1.瑜伽(Yoga)</p><p>这是一种源于印度的身心锻炼方法,锻炼时注意集中于某一具体形象、声音或动作,通过冥想,达到忘我的境地。目前,瑜伽的国际知名度很高,2014年12月11日联合国决定将每年6月21日定为国际瑜伽日。</p><p>2.生物反馈(Biological Feedback,BF)</p><p>也称生物回授,源于美国,是研究用意念来控制一切下意识的生理过程规律,并以此使人们可以及时地得到体内心理、生理过程的信息。生物反馈是与行为医学相关的学科,最常用的生物反馈监控系统主要包括肌电谱(EMG)、热反馈(TBF)、热电(ET)、呼吸(B)等,他们使用的功法比较简单,如:①自生训练,姿势不拘,坐卧均可,在安静环境中保持舒适体位,按照事先录制的指导语提示,进行训练。包括肢体沉重感与温感训练、呼吸训练、腹部温感训练、前额清凉感训练等。②渐进性放松,在指导语的提示下,对全身肌肉进行先紧张(收缩)5—10分钟,再立刻放松三四十秒的操作,并配合深呼吸。③放松功法,分为较长放松(每天至少一次,每次15—30分钟,方法与三线放松功相似)、短暂放松(在人活动的间隙,放松2—10分钟)和超短放松(每次几秒到2分钟)3种。④放松呼吸,即利用呼吸诱导放松,以仰卧为好,坐式、立式也可,具体操作与意守下丹田的打坐相似。</p><p>3.松弛反应(Relaxation reseponse)</p><p>松弛反应是行为医学的主要治疗技术,由哈佛大学赫伯特·本森(Herbert <br>Benson)整理而成。松弛反应有四个基本要素:①一个安静环境,一般应选择一间安静的房间;②一个精神目标,也就是一个深思(集中注意力)的目标;③一种自然的状态;④一个舒适的姿势,一般采用坐式,而且要至少保持20分钟。基本操作方法如下:①静静地坐在一个舒适的位置。②闭眼。③尽量放松全身肌肉,自下而上直至脸部。④鼻吸鼻呼,呼吸时轻轻地对自己说“YI”,即“吸气……呼气‘YI’”。⑤如此10—20分钟后,睁开眼睛校正一下时间,但不要用闹钟。结束时先闭目静坐几分钟,然后睁开眼睛,但不要急于站起来。⑥不要为未能成功地完成一个深度松弛而烦恼。</p><p>4.超觉静坐(Transcendental Meditation,TM)</p><p>这是美籍印度瑜伽师(Maharishi <br>Mahesh)改良的瑜伽术,整个锻炼包括七个步骤:①介绍性讲座——介绍超觉静坐的益处(60分钟),②预备性讲座——介绍超觉静坐的起源与原理(45分钟),③个别与老师见面(5分钟),④个别指导——学习超觉静坐技术(45分钟),⑤—⑦小组验证(个别指导后连续3天,每天90分钟)。上海的一个气功组织,曾于80年代邀请国外来宾讲授TM,但因涉及翻译等多种原因,这一活动没有完整结束。</p><p>5.行为医学(Behavioral medicine)</p><p>百科百度有关的描述是:可以理解为研究人的行为的医学。近年来,行为医学研究迅速发展,研究领域已分支派生出健康行为学、行为心理学、行为病理学、行为药理学(毒理学)、行为遗传学、行为解剖学、行为流行病学、行为诊断学、行为评估学、行为治疗学、行为护理学、行为康复学、行为预防学、行为保健学等许多分支学科。行为医学产品在当代已经层出不穷,这包括传统医学的相关产品:银针、按摩器材、保健餐具、运动方式、食疗技术、心理技术等。</p><p>6.冥想(meditation)</p><p>它是一种改变意识的形式,它通过获得深度的宁静状态而增强自我知识和良好状态。其操作颇似气功中的存想,包括四个步骤:①设定目标;②创造一个清晰的想法或画面;③经常关注它;④给它正面的能量。</p>","status":0,"pv":382,"link":"","createdAt":"2022-10-30T12:44:43.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-24T06:08:53.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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