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article------>{"id":813,"cid":31,"subCid":"","title":"丹田","shortTitle":"","tagId":"","attr":"1","articleView":null,"source":"","author":"","description":"道教称人体有三丹田:在两眉间者为上丹田,在心下者为中丹田,在脐下者为下丹田。见晋葛洪《抱·地真》。一般指下丹田。","img":null,"content":"<p><strong>丹田</strong>,是道家内丹术丹成呈现之处,炼丹时意守之处。原是道教修炼内丹中的精气神时用的术语,位置处于人体的黄金分割线上。李零先生以 为“研 究 内 丹 术 的 起 <br>源… …丹田 学 说 的 提 出 是 一 种 关 键”, 而“丹 田”之说早见于东汉桓帝时的 《 老 子 铭》 、 《 仙人王子碑》 和 《 抱朴子地真 》, 据 此他认为“它 们 应 是 内 丹术 形 成 之 真 正 标 志。</p><p>道教称人体有三丹田:在两眉间者为上丹田,在心下者为中丹田,在脐下者为下丹田。见晋葛洪《抱·地真》。一般指下丹田。《黄庭外景经·上部经》:“呼吸庐间入丹田。”务成子注:“呼吸元气会丹田中。丹田中者,脐下三寸阴阳户,俗人以生子,道人以生身。”《水浒传》第回:“徐宁听罢,只叫那连声的苦,从丹田底下直滚出口角来。”</p><p>丹田,原是道教修炼内丹中的精气神时用的术语,有上中下三丹田:</p><p><strong>上丹田</strong>为督脉印堂之处,又称“泥丸宫”;</p><p><strong>中丹田</strong>为胸中膻中穴处,为宗气之所聚;</p><p><strong>下丹田</strong>为任脉关元穴,脐下三寸之处,为藏精之所。</p><p>丹田已被各门各派气功或运气方法(如唱歌及说话用丹田气,可减小声带受损机会),广为引用。</p><p>上丹田为性根,下丹田为命蒂。性命交修,便可以打通大小周天,达到炼神还虚的境界。</p><p>古人称精气神为三宝,视丹田为储藏精气神的地方,因此对丹田极为重视,有如“性命之根本”。丹田分上丹田、中丹田、下丹田,对于上,中,下丹田的位置有很多不同的说法,我们平常所说的丹田是下丹田 <br>有一种说法是:上丹田指的是眉心的位置中丹田指的是心窝的那部分区域,而我们通常所说的下丹田的准确位置就是神厥穴,大体就是肚脐周围的部分,准确点说就是脐下一寸半。</p><p>还有一种说法为:上丹田叫“泥丸”,在头顶百会穴,中丹田叫“绛宫”,在胸部膻中穴,下丹田在脐下小腹部相当大的一块体积,包括关元、气海,神阙、命门等穴位.还有一种对于下丹田的说法是在脐下三寸,小腹正中线,为任脉之关元穴。居 <br>膀胱之后,直肠之前,有腹壁下动静脉,分布着第十一、十二肋间神经前皮枝,深部容关元,为小肠经之募穴;是三阴任脉之会。</p><p>丹田所谓的丹田都处于人体的黄金分割线上。上丹田,从下巴算起,头部的长度乘以0.618的位置(两眉之间的印堂穴。)中丹田,从下阴算起,躯干的长度乘以0.618的位置(两乳头的膻中穴)。下丹田,从脚部算起,身高的长度乘以0.618的位置(脐下三寸的关元穴)只要认真研究,你还会发现人体的另外几个大穴位都与黄金分割有关。</p><p>丹田的概念原是道教内丹派修炼精气神的术语,已被各派气功广为引用。《东医宝鉴》引《仙经》之文,不仅指出丹田的所在,而且还阐述了丹田的功能:“脑为髓海,上丹田;心为绛火,中丹田;脐下三寸为下丹田。下丹田,藏精之府也;中丹田,藏气之府也;上丹田,藏神之府也”。古人称精气神为三宝,视丹田为贮藏精气神的所在,因此很重视丹田的意义,把它看作是“性命之根本”。</p><p>我们知道,意守是练功人将意念集中和保持在自身某一部位或某一事物上以帮助意识进入气功入静状态,并在此基础上发挥意识能动性,主动感知和调整自身功能活动,来达到良好效果的练功方法与过程。意守丹田,是练功人将意念集中并保持在丹田部位的练功方法,是众多意守方法中的一种。更确切地讲,这种方法属于意守自身部位类中的意守穴位法。但实际练功时,人们是无法将意念仅仅守在一个穴位上,只能意守在以穴位为中心的一个范围内。因此,将丹田理解为这样一个范围更合适些。</p><p>人身虽有三丹田、五丹田之说,但实际练功时,除特殊情况之外,一般所说意守丹田,都是指意守下丹田。古人认为下丹田和人体生命活动的关系最为密切。是“性命之祖”、“生气之源”、“五脏六腑之本”、“十二经之根”、“阴阳之会”、“呼吸之门”、“水火交会之乡”,是真气升降开合的枢纽,是汇集烹炼、储存真气的重要部位。当然,从现代解剖学和生理学的观点看,下丹田所在的部位至今并未发现有特殊的形态和功能。但是,通过意守丹田来促进练功人的意识达到入静状态,取得疗效,则早已被实践所证实。其中的机理,有待于人们进一步研究、揭示。</p><p>丹田在何处,说法不一。多数气功家认为,丹田有上丹田、中丹田和下丹田。上丹田叫“泥丸”,在头顶百会穴,有的说在两眉间印堂穴。中丹田叫“绛宫”,在胸部膻中穴。下丹田在脐下小腹部相当大的一块体积,包括关元、气海,神阙、命门等穴位。还有人认为丹田在脐上,又称祖窍。也有人说巨阙穴为中丹田,又名灵台。下丹田为足掌心之涌泉。其说不一。古人认为丹田是滋养全身的重要部位,故有“无火能使百体皆温,无水能使脏腑皆润,关系全身性命,此中一线不绝,则生命不亡”的说法。</p><p><strong>上丹田:</strong>为印堂所在,亦即泥丸宫、升阳府、昆仑顶、灵台等,道家所指名称甚多,可以说是各自命名,众说纷纭,不过多指脑而言。其中玄关所指在两目两眉与额、鼻骨之十字中心处,道家对此也十分重视,认为是入道之门,或泛指气功基础,认为是天地灵根,是祖窍、祖气,至宝至贵。</p><p>上丹田在督脉的循行路上,属于阳性,是阳气集中的地方,是藏神之所,是主管意识活动的神经中枢所在。是练功入静的主要部位。上丹田的作用是锻炼神经系统,控制自己的意识活动,调节、增强神经中枢,抑制整体代谢机能,从而发挥贮能性效应。这有助于休养生息,积聚精力与疾病作斗争,获得健康。所以,练功后感到体力增强,精力充沛,是有道理的。</p><p>上丹田在头部,头部为诸阳之会,凡气虚下陷,头部怕风寒,以及脑贫血、低血压病人,可意守上丹田,但初学气功者,不要马上意守上丹田,以免气机上窜引起头晕;阳盛的病人(如心火上炎、肝阳上亢、高血压)也不要意守上丹田。</p><p><strong>中丹田:</strong>为膻中所在,为自承浆下十二层楼(指喉管)至黄庭(指人体内中虚空窍,或在心之下……),以牛郎代表心为阳,有肝胆脾均各自专职,共同耕种心田,故有“我家专种自家田,可育灵苗活万年……灌溉须凭上谷泉(指舌顶上颚,所谓白头老子眉垂地之律液至上鹊桥),有朝一日功行满,便是蓬莱大罗仙。”</p><p>中丹田在胸部,如病人是中气下陷,妇女月经过多,可意守中丹田,但容易引起胸闷,要慎重使用。</p><p><strong>下丹田:</strong>即正丹田,在脐下,或有称之为气海,藏命之所,以织女代表肾为阴性。</p><p>按道家以织女喻肾,为真阴,在卦为坎;以牛郎喻心,为真阳,在卦为离,阴阳合则为真夫妻,阴阳合则生丹药,所以还有坎离交媾,男女媾精阴阳合而生丹药之喻。心肾交,水火交,龙虎交之类等等,也都是指练功中之术语。“水火交炼池”即喻心肾相交之处所。</p><p>下丹田,是练功诱导得气的主要部位,其作用是锻炼体液系统,激发体内的能量物质,以调节、充实体液循环,提高整体代谢机能,从而发挥激能性效应。这对人体充实下元,防止早衰,健身延年起重要作用。</p><p>历代气功家多主张意守下丹田;因为这个部位对人体生命活动的关系最为密切,它位于人体中心,是任脉、督脉、冲脉三脉经气运行的起点,十二经脉也都是直接或间接通过丹田而输入本经,再转入本脏。下丹田是真气升降、开合的基地,也是男子藏精,女子养胎的地方。《难经》认为:下丹田是“性命之祖,生气之源,五脏六腑之本,十二经脉之根,阴阳之会,呼吸之门,水火交会之乡。”所以气功家多以下丹田为锻炼、汇聚、储存真气的主要部位。人的元气发源于肾,藏于丹田,借三焦之道,周流全身,以推动五脏六腑的功能活动。人体的强弱,生死存亡,全赖丹田元气之盛衰。所以养生家都非常重视保养丹田元气。丹田元气充实旺盛,就可以调动人体潜力,使真气能在全身循环运行。意守丹田,就可以调节阴阳,沟通心肾,使真气充实畅通八脉,恢复先天之生理机能,促进身体的健康长寿。</p><p><strong>锻炼方法</strong></p><p><strong>撞丹田</strong></p><p>对“丹田”的具体位置,自古说法不一,通常分为“上丹田”——两眉间,中丹田——两乳间膻中穴,下丹田——脐下1寸三分。今天要撞的就是这个“下丹田”。咱们要撞的不是一个点,而是一个面,位置就在肚脐上下左右巴掌大的一块地方。</p><p>找个如水泥电线杆一样粗细和平滑的大树来撞效果最好,两腿略分开,站在树前,肚子离树干15公分,然后用肚脐去撞树就可以了。</p><p>动作要点:开始撞时,力量一定要轻,幅度要小,最好穿运动衣裤,(以防皮带或纽扣硌到皮肉),撞的时候全身放松,不要憋气,不要绷紧肌肉。请先感受一下撞“丹田”时腹内脏腑的感觉,和心里的感觉,可以闭上眼睛仔细体会。呼吸自然而悠闲。</p><p><strong>撞丹田的禁忌</strong>:</p><p>l 孕妇及腹部有过较大手术的病人。</p><p>l 急腹症及腹部有肿物或有出血病灶点。</p><p>l 撞腹后感觉不适的人。</p><p>练此功要顺其自然,不可急功近利,与“推腹法”同练,效果更佳。有些朋友肚子赘肉较多,用推腹法根本没啥感觉,一撞“丹田”便发现敏感点了。这时再用推腹法,事半功倍。</p><p><strong>抱丹田</strong></p><p>早晨(寅时最好)选一空气清新,有松柏树丛之处,自然站立,左足向左开一步,与肩同宽,平行而立,身体微下蹬,膝稍弯曲,头直目正,身端气静,松肩垂肘,十指分开,手心向内置与腹前,两手相抱若抱球状。此时要身体似站非站,似坐非坐,面部似笑非笑,意守丹田部位。随意呼吸,莫令耳闻。这样站立一段时间后,再做下一动作。</p><p><strong>转丹田</strong></p><p>立正站立,开左脚向左与肩同宽,意守丹田,然后以意领气,以丹田为圆中心,自左向右转36下,吸一口气咽下。再从右向左转36圈,再吸一口气咽下。是为转丹田。</p><p><strong>晃丹田</strong></p><p>立正站定,左脚向左开一步,与肩同宽,全身放松,用腰部带动,自左向右作圆形晃动。但要意守丹田,以丹田为圆中心。先随意呼吸,然后再由左向右作圆周晃动,当身体晃动时,先向左半周吸气,吸气时舌顶上腭。当身体转向右边时呼气,呼气时舌抵下腭。但晃动时要松肩松胯,全身不得有一丝呆板之意,共约36下。这样的平行转圆可以使代脉得到锻炼。</p><p><strong>搓丹田</strong></p><p>取一木凳,随意坐下,右脚落地,脚心斜向前方,左腿压在右腿上。左手掌心向上,放在左腿上,右掌心向下,两掌相合,右掌由左掌上向前向下斜搓去,直到手不能再伸时,呼气。然后右手心向上,左手掌心向下,右手掌回抽,吸气,气贯丹田,如此36下。再换成左脚落地,脚心斜向前方,右腿压在左腿上,有掌心向上,放在盲腿上。左掌心向下,两掌相合,左掌由右掌上向前向下斜搓去,直到手不能再伸时,呼气。然后左手心翻往上,右手心向下,左手掌往回抽,吸气,气贯丹田,也36下。</p><p><strong>揉丹田</strong></p><p>如前两脚立正站立,左脚向左开一步,与肩同宽,两手虎口张开对称放在丹田两旁。以丹田为圆心,自左向古作划圆运动,也是吸气舌顶上胯(搭鹊桥),呼气舌抵下腭。约36下。</p><p><strong>击丹田</strong></p><p>如前两脚站成与肩同宽,全身放松,然后伸左脚向左前方半步,两臂鸟展翅一样向后用力展开,为白鹤亮翅,舌顶上腭吸气。然后左脚后收,与右足井齐,两掌变拳一齐向丹田两边猛击,舌抵下胯呼气。计36下。</p><p><strong>折丹田</strong></p><p>轻步站开始,上左步,左手掌向右腮护去。再上右步,右掌向左腮旁护去。然后两掌交叉一齐向前扑去,扑时叩首,为“以首叩碑”呼气;起时吸气。这样腹部会得到压迫的锻炼,丹田也会充实起来。</p><p><strong>喷丹田</strong></p><p>两脚立正,并脚而立,两手掌从左右胯旁,手心向上,升到胸前交叉,两手心均向上,右手放在左手上,吸气。然后一齐向前猛然推去,为“婴儿击食”,推出时喊“喝”,呼气,一共36下。</p><p><strong>提丹田</strong></p><p>立正站立,右手领左手,高举在头部,右手心向左,左手掌附在右掌根处,两脚尖掂起,向空中吸气。然后两手就像大有把柄被握住一样,用力一齐向下拽,两肘打坠劲,坠到两手落到胸前,呼气。</p><p><strong>丹田呼吸</strong></p><p>瑜伽功法,丹田呼吸能使粗糙的神经系统变得更加平和,心灵也因此变得平静和满足。</p><p>睡前练习,能够平静心绪、安抚神经,促进深度的睡眠;初醒未起身之时即刻练习,帮助你平静振作地开始新的一天;需要平静和补充精力时,随时可以做这个练习;可练习几分钟到20分钟,甚至更长。</p><p>做法:两脚分开,稍比肩宽,稍弯两膝;手贴在肚脐下两到3寸的部位,做腹式呼吸,肩膀放松,呼吸要轻柔而不费力气;想做多久都可以。</p>","status":0,"pv":859,"link":"","createdAt":"2022-11-13T11:20:44.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T04:33:17.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}
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