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气功疗法与心理疗法有何异同?

"2018-07-03T06:27:04.000Z" admin 阅读(949)

「导读」气功疗法与心理疗法的最大不同表现在患者所处地位的主动与被动上

心理治疗自古就有。从广义上讲,凡是医生运用心理学的原则和技巧,通过语言、文字、表情、姿势、行为以及周围环境的作用,对患者启发、教育、劝告和暗示,提高病人的感受和认识,调整病人的情绪,从而达到改善心理障碍者的心理状态,行为方式以及由此引起的各种躯体症状,都可以认为是心理治疗。从狭义上讲,心理治疗是一类有异于化学、物理、生物等传统治疗方式的特殊治疗手段,是针对消除某种心理症状或行为障碍提供的专门心理治疗技术。这种技术往往是根据一定的理论来设计的,有一定的方法、适应症和病人的选择。

心理疗法的出现弥补了医学治疗中的那种只看病、不看人,不管病人的气质、性格、精神致病因素等,只给予物质治疗忽视精神治疗等不足,是对医学的一个重要补充和发展。气功疗法与心理疗法之间,既有相同之点,也有不同之处。

众所周知,气功锻炼具有调神(意念调整)、调息(呼吸调整)、调身(体力锻炼)三要素。这三者中,调神是统帅,起决定性的主导作用。古人讲“全凭心意练功夫”,早已明确了调神在三要素之中的作用和地位。调神是心理训练,也就是通过主动的自我心理活动去调整机体的生理功能活动,进而改变躯体状态。从这点上看,气功疗法与心理疗法具有相同之处。尤其是气功锻炼时的一些具体要求更是属于心理学上的内容。例如,本是大白天站在黄土地上练功,可以想象为宁静的夜晚站在绿草丛中练功,本来两手空空,可以暗示自己抱着一个球,并仔细地去体察双手抱球的感觉,还可将精神高度集中在丹田部,注意丹田部位的感觉变化,通过放松心身,排除杂念,使意识进入到似睡非睡,似醒非醒的入静状态,其实质是自我催眠状态……。上述气功锻练所利用的想象、感觉、注意、暗示、催眠等过程,均属于心理学的内容,也是某些心理治疗中所使用的手段。心理疗法中有一种方法叫做行为疗法,它认为患者的病症——异常的行为和功能,是个体在其生活经历中学习并经条件反射固定下来而造成的。反之也可通过对新的行为方式的学习建立新的条件反射,来消除或纠正病人的异常行为或功能。一个人对气功由不会进而熟练的过程,也恰是对一种有益于身体健康的行为学习的过程,从这个意义讲,气功疗法与行为疗法是一致的。

气功疗法与心理疗法的最大不同表现在患者所处地位的主动与被动上。心理疗法虽然强调解决患者心理致病因素,但其具体治疗措施终归需要医生给予患者,患者多处于被动状态。然而气功疗法则是由患者自我进行的一种心身锻炼,患者在锻炼中处于一种主动状态,这有助于患者自身意识能动性的调动。此外气功锻炼还伴有呼吸和体势体力的锻炼,这也是与心理疗法的不同之处。


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article------>{"id":69,"cid":15,"subCid":"","title":"气功疗法与心理疗法有何异同?","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"2","articleView":null,"source":"香港日报网","author":"admin","description":"气功疗法与心理疗法的最大不同表现在患者所处地位的主动与被动上","img":"","content":"<p>心理治疗自古就有。从广义上讲,凡是医生运用心理学的原则和技巧,通过语言、文字、表情、姿势、行为以及周围环境的作用,对患者启发、教育、劝告和暗示,提高病人的感受和认识,调整病人的情绪,从而达到改善心理障碍者的心理状态,行为方式以及由此引起的各种躯体症状,都可以认为是心理治疗。从狭义上讲,心理治疗是一类有异于化学、物理、生物等传统治疗方式的特殊治疗手段,是针对消除某种心理症状或行为障碍提供的专门心理治疗技术。这种技术往往是根据一定的理论来设计的,有一定的方法、适应症和病人的选择。</p><p>心理疗法的出现弥补了医学治疗中的那种只看病、不看人,不管病人的气质、性格、精神致病因素等,只给予物质治疗忽视精神治疗等不足,是对医学的一个重要补充和发展。气功疗法与心理疗法之间,既有相同之点,也有不同之处。</p><p>众所周知,气功锻炼具有调神(意念调整)、调息(呼吸调整)、调身(体力锻炼)三要素。这三者中,调神是统帅,起决定性的主导作用。古人讲“全凭心意练功夫”,早已明确了调神在三要素之中的作用和地位。调神是心理训练,也就是通过主动的自我心理活动去调整机体的生理功能活动,进而改变躯体状态。从这点上看,气功疗法与心理疗法具有相同之处。尤其是气功锻炼时的一些具体要求更是属于心理学上的内容。例如,本是大白天站在黄土地上练功,可以想象为宁静的夜晚站在绿草丛中练功,本来两手空空,可以暗示自己抱着一个球,并仔细地去体察双手抱球的感觉,还可将精神高度集中在丹田部,注意丹田部位的感觉变化,通过放松心身,排除杂念,使意识进入到似睡非睡,似醒非醒的入静状态,其实质是自我催眠状态……。上述气功锻练所利用的想象、感觉、注意、暗示、催眠等过程,均属于心理学的内容,也是某些心理治疗中所使用的手段。心理疗法中有一种方法叫做行为疗法,它认为患者的病症——异常的行为和功能,是个体在其生活经历中学习并经条件反射固定下来而造成的。反之也可通过对新的行为方式的学习建立新的条件反射,来消除或纠正病人的异常行为或功能。一个人对气功由不会进而熟练的过程,也恰是对一种有益于身体健康的行为学习的过程,从这个意义讲,气功疗法与行为疗法是一致的。</p><p>\n\n\n</p><p>气功疗法与心理疗法的最大不同表现在患者所处地位的主动与被动上。心理疗法虽然强调解决患者心理致病因素,但其具体治疗措施终归需要医生给予患者,患者多处于被动状态。然而气功疗法则是由患者自我进行的一种心身锻炼,患者在锻炼中处于一种主动状态,这有助于患者自身意识能动性的调动。此外气功锻炼还伴有呼吸和体势体力的锻炼,这也是与心理疗法的不同之处。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":949,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-03T06:27:04.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T04:31:57.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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