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中国是气功发源地

"2018-07-02T19:07:43.000Z" admin 阅读(1804)

「导读」气功在中国的发展历程

气功发源于中国。气功在中国有悠久的历史,有关气功的内容在古代通常被称为吐呐、行气、布气、服气、导引、炼丹、修道、坐禅等等。中国古典的气功理论是建立在中医的养身健身理论上的,自上古时代即在流传。原始的气功一部分称为“舞”,如《吕氏春秋》所说的“筋骨瑟缩不达,故作为舞以宣导之”。春秋战国时期,一部分气功被概括于“导引按跷”之中。中医专著《黄帝内经》记载“提挈天地,把握阴阳,呼吸精气,独立守神,肌肉若一”、“积精全神”、“精神不散”等修炼方法。《老子》中提到“或嘘或吹”的吐纳功法。《庄子》也有“吹嘘呼吸,吐故呐新,熊经鸟伸,为寿而已矣。此导引之士,养形之人,彭祖寿考者之所好也”的记载。湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土的文物中有帛书《却谷食气篇》和彩色帛画《导引图》。《却谷食气篇》是介绍呼吸吐呐方法为主的著作。《导引图》堪称最早的气功图谱,其中绘有44幅图像,是古代人们用气功防治疾病的写照。

发展历程

原始的气功没有名称,以后一部分称为“舞”。如《素问·异法方宜论》的“痿厥寒热,其治宜导引按跷”,而散见于历代名家著作中的静坐、坐忘、禅定、胎息、行气、服气、调气、周天、内丹等也都属于气功的内容。至于“气功”一词,最早见于晋代道士许逊所著《灵剑子》一书,即使这是后世托名之作,那么最晚也在隋唐时期。在隋唐以后才出现的《中山玉柜服气经》记载:“气功妙篇,气术之道略同……”,但在内涵上与我们所说的气功不完全一致。在50年代建立了北戴河气功疗养院之后才逐渐得到推广的。气功是人们在生产、生活、医疗保健等多种实践中,逐渐总结而形成的。气功疗法与体育疗法有联系又有区别,它可以包括体育疗法,但体育疗法却代替不了气功疗法。肢体运动始终只是气功调心的手段之一,呼吸运动也是为调心服务的,三调是统一的整体,必以调心为核心。内练与外练是结合的,应以内练为主。气功之气是指“内气”、“真气”,具有更深刻的含义。气功疗法具有综合性的特点,至少它是心理疗法与体育疗法的综合。

发展阶段

晋朝的气功中国的气功,有几千年的历史,可气功这个词的出现时间并不是很早,它首先见于晋朝许逊著的《灵剑子》一书。据考察认为此书不是许逊亲自所著,因为书中有很多气功术语都是宋朝以后才开始用的,所以成书时间不会早于宋朝。但它的思想可能是许逊这个门派师传徒,一代一代口传心授传下来的。在《灵剑子》一书中,气功这个词不是作为一个专用名词来使用的。过去练功叫修行,就是修道,也叫行气,可以解释为练周天,也可叫呼吸吐纳,也可称运气、行气,就是把气的功能加强起来,一方面修德,好事,一方面练,使身体发生变化,到一定程度修成了,就叫“道气功成”。晋朝以后,道教、等宗教在中国兴盛起来了。宗教利用了气功,把气功神秘化了。本来气功是练气修德,很具体很实际的,可是宗教化以后,就追求修炼成神、成仙、成佛了。这么一来,气功的科学本质没有了。但如果翻开中国气功史,可看到就在晋、隋、唐这一时期,有很多古人用气来命名的著作,如《气诀》、《气经》等,书中写的都是练气、用气的内容。《气经》中讲了几十种练气、用气的方法,连发放外气的方法都有,叫“布气”。以后的宗教淹没了气功,气功的名词就没了。宋朝的气功金、元之后,很多练功夫的,为了抵外族的侵略,将气功的修炼用到武术上来,逐渐形成了武术气功。随着武术气功的兴起,慢慢破除了宗教的神学思想。你说有神、有佛、有鬼,练功时求神、拜佛,说有神、佛保佑,可是打仗的时候有本事的打死没本事的,这个时候神、佛怎么不来保佑?慢慢人们对宗教的信仰就淡漠了,气功又逐渐从宗教里面分离出来,重新开始讲气练气,宋代就讲吐纳之气了。随着武术气功的发展,武当派、少林派两大家逐渐形成。明清的气功清末有了武当派的著作,也有了少林派的著作《少林拳术秘诀》,内有专章叫《气功阐微》,专门阐述气功。其中明确指出:“气功之说有二:一养气、一练气。”于是气功一词又逐渐叫起来了,明清以后讲练气比较突出,到民国初年搞气功的人就多了。1931年王竹林正式出版了《意气功详解》一书,直接以气功命名。很多医生通过学练道家、佛家功夫,把它用到医疗上来,称之为“气功疗法”。最早是1934年董浩写的《肺痨病特殊疗法——气功疗法》,1938年方公溥又出版了《气功治验录》,还创立了“公溥气功治疗院”。近代的气功这样,气功一词,起于晋代许逊《灵剑子》一书中的“道气功成”,以后发展到武术气功,又以后成了气功疗法,但气功一词却没有广泛传开。一直到了解放以后,有个老干部叫刘贵珍,在河北省卫生厅的同意和支持下,将自己练功与多年临床经验予以总结,定了一本《气功疗法实践》,该书在卫生部的关怀下,正式出版,以后还译成外文,“气功疗法”在国内外就传开了。以后又把气功作为中医学的一部分,成立了气功疗养院、气功疗养所,在气功治疗、气功研究方面均取得了很大成绩。遗憾的是文化大革命把中国的传统文化——气功打入十八层地狱的最底层。搞气功的都成了“牛鬼蛇神”。这样一来把气功基本“杀”的差不多了,扫干净了。“文革”结束之后气功事业发生了空前的变化,正道功派发展成为一门独特的科学。大家都约定俗成了,一说气功都懂得指的是一门特殊的学问,“气功”成了关于人们身心健康的一门特殊学问的代名词了。

国家体育总局健身气功管理中心在天津市召开全国健身气功管理工作会议。全国31个省区市、新疆生产建设兵团体育局和5个计划单列市以及教育部、国家体育总局有关部门的代表参加会议。2010年健身气功在全国呈现出良好发展态势,大型活动连续不断,贯穿全年。全国健身气功活动站点已经达到13000多个,习练易筋经、五禽戏、六字诀和八段锦等2功法的人数破100万人。海外推广交流有新的突破,2011年将有望成立国际健身气功联合会。


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article------>{"id":46,"cid":15,"subCid":"","title":"中国是气功发源地","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"2","articleView":null,"source":"香港日报网","author":"admin","description":"气功在中国的发展历程","img":"","content":"<p>气功发源于中国。气功在中国有悠久的历史,有关气功的内容在古代通常被称为吐呐、行气、布气、服气、导引、炼丹、修道、坐禅等等。中国古典的气功理论是建立在中医的养身健身理论上的,自上古时代即在流传。原始的气功一部分称为“舞”,如《吕氏春秋》所说的“筋骨瑟缩不达,故作为舞以宣导之”。春秋战国时期,一部分气功被概括于“导引按跷”之中。中医专著《黄帝内经》记载“提挈天地,把握阴阳,呼吸精气,独立守神,肌肉若一”、“积精全神”、“精神不散”等修炼方法。《老子》中提到“或嘘或吹”的吐纳功法。《庄子》也有“吹嘘呼吸,吐故呐新,熊经鸟伸,为寿而已矣。此导引之士,养形之人,彭祖寿考者之所好也”的记载。湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土的文物中有帛书《却谷食气篇》和彩色帛画《导引图》。《却谷食气篇》是介绍呼吸吐呐方法为主的著作。《导引图》堪称最早的气功图谱,其中绘有44幅图像,是古代人们用气功防治疾病的写照。</p><p>发展历程</p><p>原始的气功没有名称,以后一部分称为“舞”。如《素问·异法方宜论》的“痿厥寒热,其治宜导引按跷”,而散见于历代名家著作中的静坐、坐忘、禅定、胎息、行气、服气、调气、周天、内丹等也都属于气功的内容。至于“气功”一词,最早见于晋代道士许逊所著《灵剑子》一书,即使这是后世托名之作,那么最晚也在隋唐时期。在隋唐以后才出现的《中山玉柜服气经》记载:“气功妙篇,气术之道略同……”,但在内涵上与我们所说的气功不完全一致。在50年代建立了北戴河气功疗养院之后才逐渐得到推广的。气功是人们在生产、生活、医疗保健等多种实践中,逐渐总结而形成的。气功疗法与体育疗法有联系又有区别,它可以包括体育疗法,但体育疗法却代替不了气功疗法。肢体运动始终只是气功调心的手段之一,呼吸运动也是为调心服务的,三调是统一的整体,必以调心为核心。内练与外练是结合的,应以内练为主。气功之气是指“内气”、“真气”,具有更深刻的含义。气功疗法具有综合性的特点,至少它是心理疗法与体育疗法的综合。</p><p>发展阶段</p><p>晋朝的气功中国的气功,有几千年的历史,可气功这个词的出现时间并不是很早,它首先见于晋朝许逊著的《灵剑子》一书。据考察认为此书不是许逊亲自所著,因为书中有很多气功术语都是宋朝以后才开始用的,所以成书时间不会早于宋朝。但它的思想可能是许逊这个门派师传徒,一代一代口传心授传下来的。在《灵剑子》一书中,气功这个词不是作为一个专用名词来使用的。过去练功叫修行,就是修道,也叫行气,可以解释为练周天,也可叫呼吸吐纳,也可称运气、行气,就是把气的功能加强起来,一方面修德,好事,一方面练,使身体发生变化,到一定程度修成了,就叫“道气功成”。晋朝以后,道教、等宗教在中国兴盛起来了。宗教利用了气功,把气功神秘化了。本来气功是练气修德,很具体很实际的,可是宗教化以后,就追求修炼成神、成仙、成佛了。这么一来,气功的科学本质没有了。但如果翻开中国气功史,可看到就在晋、隋、唐这一时期,有很多古人用气来命名的著作,如《气诀》、《气经》等,书中写的都是练气、用气的内容。《气经》中讲了几十种练气、用气的方法,连发放外气的方法都有,叫“布气”。以后的宗教淹没了气功,气功的名词就没了。宋朝的气功金、元之后,很多练功夫的,为了抵外族的侵略,将气功的修炼用到武术上来,逐渐形成了武术气功。随着武术气功的兴起,慢慢破除了宗教的神学思想。你说有神、有佛、有鬼,练功时求神、拜佛,说有神、佛保佑,可是打仗的时候有本事的打死没本事的,这个时候神、佛怎么不来保佑?慢慢人们对宗教的信仰就淡漠了,气功又逐渐从宗教里面分离出来,重新开始讲气练气,宋代就讲吐纳之气了。随着武术气功的发展,武当派、少林派两大家逐渐形成。明清的气功清末有了武当派的著作,也有了少林派的著作《少林拳术秘诀》,内有专章叫《气功阐微》,专门阐述气功。其中明确指出:“气功之说有二:一养气、一练气。”于是气功一词又逐渐叫起来了,明清以后讲练气比较突出,到民国初年搞气功的人就多了。1931年王竹林正式出版了《意气功详解》一书,直接以气功命名。很多医生通过学练道家、佛家功夫,把它用到医疗上来,称之为“气功疗法”。最早是1934年董浩写的《肺痨病特殊疗法——气功疗法》,1938年方公溥又出版了《气功治验录》,还创立了“公溥气功治疗院”。近代的气功这样,气功一词,起于晋代许逊《灵剑子》一书中的“道气功成”,以后发展到武术气功,又以后成了气功疗法,但气功一词却没有广泛传开。一直到了解放以后,有个老干部叫刘贵珍,在河北省卫生厅的同意和支持下,将自己练功与多年临床经验予以总结,定了一本《气功疗法实践》,该书在卫生部的关怀下,正式出版,以后还译成外文,“气功疗法”在国内外就传开了。以后又把气功作为中医学的一部分,成立了气功疗养院、气功疗养所,在气功治疗、气功研究方面均取得了很大成绩。遗憾的是文化大革命把中国的传统文化——气功打入十八层地狱的最底层。搞气功的都成了“牛鬼蛇神”。这样一来把气功基本“杀”的差不多了,扫干净了。“文革”结束之后气功事业发生了空前的变化,正道功派发展成为一门独特的科学。大家都约定俗成了,一说气功都懂得指的是一门特殊的学问,“气功”成了关于人们身心健康的一门特殊学问的代名词了。</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>国家体育总局健身气功管理中心在天津市召开全国健身气功管理工作会议。全国31个省区市、新疆生产建设兵团体育局和5个计划单列市以及教育部、国家体育总局有关部门的代表参加会议。2010年健身气功在全国呈现出良好发展态势,大型活动连续不断,贯穿全年。全国健身气功活动站点已经达到13000多个,习练易筋经、五禽戏、六字诀和八段锦等2功法的人数破100万人。海外推广交流有新的突破,2011年将有望成立国际健身气功联合会。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1804,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-02T19:07:43.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T04:32:45.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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