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“气”话连篇73 | 健身气功今昔谈

"2022-05-06T03:20:45.000Z" admin 阅读(661)

「导读」健身气功是一种民族传统体育项目,近20余年来,发展迅速、影响较大,并由此受到了较为广泛的关注。这里,就和大家聊聊它的前世今生。

健身气功是一种民族传统体育项目,近20余年来,发展迅速、影响较大,并由此受到了较为广泛的关注。这里,就和大家聊聊它的前世今生。

1.起源:一源数岐同根生

关于气功的起源,在“气”话连篇之首我们已经有过讨论(参见“气”话连篇之---传统气功今贵庚),这里不再展开。

在长达四五千年的发展过程中,气功这个“源”分化出多个“流”,如道家气功、佛家气功、儒家气功、武术气功等,健身气功是从武术气功-体育气功逐渐演化而来的,它起源于古人的养生本能,自我拍打、撸胸摩腹、择时运动等是它的萌芽,而“舞”“大舞”是它最早的“套路”。

2、发展:武术气功成流派

古代中医及儒、释、道诸家气功养生的理论和实践,以及传统体育(尤其是武术)与气功的相互渗透,使武术气功逐渐形成流派,并不断发展成熟。来自医家的,如:《黄帝内经》“恬惔虚无,真气从之,精神内守,病安从来”“不治已病治未病,不治已乱治未乱”的养生思想;华佗的仿生功法五禽戏,陶弘景的呼气六字诀,《诸病源候论》中的诸多导引方法与理论,《养生要录》中的小劳术。来自儒释道的,如:《道德经》的“虚其心,实其腹”,《庄子》的“吹呴呼吸,吐故纳新,熊经鸟伸”;《少林拳术秘诀》的“一养气,一练气”。凡此等等,使武术气功日益丰满。

3.壮大:体育气功一大家

在第一次气功高潮中,武术气功得到了一定的发展。1956年3月,时任国家主席刘少奇在听取国家体委负责人汇报工作时指出,“要加强研究、改革……气功等传统体育项目,研究其科学价值,采取各种办法传授和推广”。武术气功的壮大则是在第二次气功高潮中,并形成了“体育气功”。其主要表现为:①有专门社团——如1987年l0月成立、并于1992年9月28日经民政部注册登记的中国体育气功研究会;②有专门的期刊——如1985年创刊的《气功与体育》;③有专门的图书——如钱云主编、北京体育学院出版社出版的《体育气功学》。

4.名称:始见于七部委《通知》

“健身气功”的名称,则始见于1996年中共中央宣传部等七部委《关于加强社会气功管理的通知》。该《通知》的第一条说:“社会气功是指社会上众多人员参与的健身气功和气功医疗活动。其中群众通过参加锻炼,从而强身健体、养生康复的,属健身气功;对他人传授或运用气功疗法直接治疗疾病,构成医疗行为的,属气功医疗。”这一定名,不但使“健身气功”成为一个专用名词和专门功种,而且也使健身气功和气功医疗有了各自的定位。

5.现状:新世纪呈新面貌

进入21世纪后,健身气功在国家体育总局的领导下得到了很大的发展,并呈现出新的面貌:首先,成立了专门的管理机构——国家体育总局健身气功管理中心。该“中心”于2001年6月5日正式成立,其基本职责是:①全面负责健身气功的业务管理,研究和制定健身气功的方针、政策、发展规划和管理制度,积极开展宣传工作;②审核、推广科学健康的健身气功方法;③制定健身气功辅导人员的管理制度,负责健身气功辅导人员的业务培训;④组织健身气功的科学研究;⑤对全国性健身气功活动进行业务管理,指导地方健身气功业务工作;⑥负责健身气功对外交流工作,负责在我国举办的国际健身气功活动的审批和组织工作;⑦协调组织人体科学研究;⑧负责中国健身气功协会的日常工作,广泛联系和团结社会各界人士,充分发挥协会的桥梁和纽带作用;⑨完成总局交办的其他工作。可见,“中心”的设立,使健身气功的管理及其必需的人力、物力、财力都得到了保证。其次,明确了健身气功的定位——第97个体育运动项目,这一定位与中医气功的医疗定位有了明确的区别。再次,组建了群众性的社团——中国健身气功协会、国际健身气功联合会。第四,出版发行的专门的刊物——《健身气功》,这是目前国内外唯一的气功刊物。

最后想提一笔的是:近几年出版的一些健身气功图书,将中医气功的内容全部说成是健身气功,甚至将刘贵珍关于中医气功的探索和实践、邝安堃以气功治疗高血压的临床研究,也归属于健身气功;更有甚者,给刘贵珍加上了“从部队回到地方”的经历,将邝安堃写成“邝安竺”,将《中国医学百科全书·气功学》作为“当代健身气功”的著作,并将林雅谷主编写成“林雅谷与马济人主编”。凡此种种,都是不符合实际的。

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article------>{"id":791,"cid":1,"subCid":"","title":"“气”话连篇73 | 健身气功今昔谈","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"1,2","articleView":null,"source":"网络","author":"admin","description":"健身气功是一种民族传统体育项目,近20余年来,发展迅速、影响较大,并由此受到了较为广泛的关注。这里,就和大家聊聊它的前世今生。","img":"","content":"<p><span style=\"display: inline !important;\">健身气功是一种民族传统体育项目,近20余年来,发展迅速、影响较大,并由此受到了较为广泛的关注。这里,就和大家聊聊它的前世今生。</span><br></p><p></p><p><b>1.起源:一源数岐同根生</b></p><p>关于气功的起源,在“气”话连篇之首我们已经有过讨论(参见“气”话连篇之---传统气功今贵庚),这里不再展开。</p><p>在长达四五千年的发展过程中,气功这个“源”分化出多个“流”,如道家气功、佛家气功、儒家气功、武术气功等,健身气功是从武术气功-体育气功逐渐演化而来的,它起源于古人的养生本能,自我拍打、撸胸摩腹、择时运动等是它的萌芽,而“舞”“大舞”是它最早的“套路”。</p><p><b>2、发展:武术气功成流派</b></p><p>古代中医及儒、释、道诸家气功养生的理论和实践,以及传统体育(尤其是武术)与气功的相互渗透,使武术气功逐渐形成流派,并不断发展成熟。来自医家的,如:《黄帝内经》“恬惔虚无,真气从之,精神内守,病安从来”“不治已病治未病,不治已乱治未乱”的养生思想;华佗的仿生功法五禽戏,陶弘景的呼气六字诀,《诸病源候论》中的诸多导引方法与理论,《养生要录》中的小劳术。来自儒释道的,如:《道德经》的“虚其心,实其腹”,《庄子》的“吹呴呼吸,吐故纳新,熊经鸟伸”;《少林拳术秘诀》的“一养气,一练气”。凡此等等,使武术气功日益丰满。</p><p><b>3.壮大:体育气功一大家</b></p><p>在第一次气功高潮中,武术气功得到了一定的发展。1956年3月,时任国家主席刘少奇在听取国家体委负责人汇报工作时指出,“要加强研究、改革……气功等传统体育项目,研究其科学价值,采取各种办法传授和推广”。武术气功的壮大则是在第二次气功高潮中,并形成了“体育气功”。其主要表现为:①有专门社团——如1987年l0月成立、并于1992年9月28日经民政部注册登记的中国体育气功研究会;②有专门的期刊——如1985年创刊的《气功与体育》;③有专门的图书——如钱云主编、北京体育学院出版社出版的《体育气功学》。</p><p><b>4.名称:始见于七部委《通知》</b></p><p>“健身气功”的名称,则始见于1996年中共中央宣传部等七部委《关于加强社会气功管理的通知》。该《通知》的第一条说:“社会气功是指社会上众多人员参与的健身气功和气功医疗活动。其中群众通过参加锻炼,从而强身健体、养生康复的,属健身气功;对他人传授或运用气功疗法直接治疗疾病,构成医疗行为的,属气功医疗。”这一定名,不但使“健身气功”成为一个专用名词和专门功种,而且也使健身气功和气功医疗有了各自的定位。</p><p><b>5.现状:新世纪呈新面貌</b></p><p>进入21世纪后,健身气功在国家体育总局的领导下得到了很大的发展,并呈现出新的面貌:首先,成立了专门的管理机构——国家体育总局健身气功管理中心。该“中心”于2001年6月5日正式成立,其基本职责是:①全面负责健身气功的业务管理,研究和制定健身气功的方针、政策、发展规划和管理制度,积极开展宣传工作;②审核、推广科学健康的健身气功方法;③制定健身气功辅导人员的管理制度,负责健身气功辅导人员的业务培训;④组织健身气功的科学研究;⑤对全国性健身气功活动进行业务管理,指导地方健身气功业务工作;⑥负责健身气功对外交流工作,负责在我国举办的国际健身气功活动的审批和组织工作;⑦协调组织人体科学研究;⑧负责中国健身气功协会的日常工作,广泛联系和团结社会各界人士,充分发挥协会的桥梁和纽带作用;⑨完成总局交办的其他工作。可见,“中心”的设立,使健身气功的管理及其必需的人力、物力、财力都得到了保证。其次,明确了健身气功的定位——第97个体育运动项目,这一定位与中医气功的医疗定位有了明确的区别。再次,组建了群众性的社团——中国健身气功协会、国际健身气功联合会。第四,出版发行的专门的刊物——《健身气功》,这是目前国内外唯一的气功刊物。</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>最后想提一笔的是:近几年出版的一些健身气功图书,将中医气功的内容全部说成是健身气功,甚至将刘贵珍关于中医气功的探索和实践、邝安堃以气功治疗高血压的临床研究,也归属于健身气功;更有甚者,给刘贵珍加上了“从部队回到地方”的经历,将邝安堃写成“邝安竺”,将《中国医学百科全书·气功学》作为“当代健身气功”的著作,并将林雅谷主编写成“林雅谷与马济人主编”。凡此种种,都是不符合实际的。</p>","status":0,"pv":661,"link":"1","createdAt":"2022-05-06T03:20:45.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-21T04:01:30.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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